YUKYU (有休) Ở NHẬT: Giải thích một cách dễ hiểu nhất!
YUKYU (有休) LÀ GÌ? Nghỉ Phép Ở Nhật Đơn Giản Nhất!
Làm việc chăm chỉ là tốt, nhưng nghỉ ngơi để tái tạo năng lượng còn quan trọng hơn. Ở Nhật Bản, người lao động có một quyền lợi hợp pháp để làm điều này, đó chính là YUKYU (有休). Vậy cụ thể YUKYU (有休) LÀ GÌ và bạn có thể tận dụng nó như thế nào? Hãy cùng tìm hiểu nhé!
YUKYU (有休) Là Gì? Giải Thích Đơn Giản Nhất
Hiểu một cách đơn giản nhất, YUKYU (有休) là Nghỉ phép trả lương hàng năm. Tên đầy đủ trong tiếng Nhật là 年次有給休暇 (Nenji Yuukyuu Kyuuka).
Bản chất: Đây là một loại ngày nghỉ mà người lao động được hưởng theo Luật Lao động Nhật Bản (労働基準法 – Rōdō Kijun Hō). Khi bạn nghỉ YUKYU, công ty vẫn phải trả lương đầy đủ cho những ngày đó như ngày làm việc bình thường.
Ý nghĩa: YUKYU tồn tại để người lao động có thời gian nghỉ ngơi, thư giãn, giải quyết việc cá nhân, chăm sóc sức khỏe hoặc dành thời gian cho gia đình mà không lo bị mất thu nhập. Nó là một quyền lợi, không phải sự ban ơn từ công ty.
Ai Được Hưởng YUKYU?
Không phải cứ làm việc là có YUKYU ngay lập tức. Bạn cần đáp ứng một số điều kiện cơ bản để được hưởng quyền lợi này:
Điều kiện cơ bản:
Đã làm việc tại cùng một công ty liên tục ít nhất 6 tháng.
Có tỷ lệ ngày làm việc thực tế đạt từ 80% trở lên so với tổng số ngày làm việc bắt buộc trong 6 tháng đó. (Ví dụ: Nếu công ty yêu cầu làm 100 ngày trong 6 tháng, bạn cần đi làm ít nhất 80 ngày).
Đối tượng áp dụng: Điều kiện trên áp dụng cho hầu hết người lao động, bao gồm cả nhân viên chính thức (正社員 – Seishain), nhân viên hợp đồng (契約社員 – Keiyaku Shain) và ngay cả nhân viên bán thời gian (パート・アルバイト – Part-time/Arubaito) nếu đáp ứng đủ điều kiện về thời gian làm việc và số buổi làm việc.
Bạn Có Bao Nhiêu Ngày YUKYU? Cách Tính Như Thế Nào?
Số ngày YUKYU bạn được nhận sẽ tăng dần theo thâm niên làm việc tại công ty.
Số ngày cơ bản theo thâm niên (áp dụng cho người làm việc full-time hoặc có số buổi làm việc ổn định):
Sau 6 tháng: 10 ngày
Sau 1 năm 6 tháng: 11 ngày
Sau 2 năm 6 tháng: 12 ngày
Sau 3 năm 6 tháng: 14 ngày
Sau 4 năm 6 tháng: 16 ngày
Sau 5 năm 6 tháng: 18 ngày
Sau 6 năm 6 tháng trở lên: 20 ngày (Đây là số ngày tối đa theo luật)
Cách tính cho người làm bán thời gian (làm ít buổi/tuần):
Số ngày YUKYU sẽ được tính theo tỷ lệ dựa trên số buổi làm việc trung bình mỗi tuần hoặc tổng số ngày làm việc trong năm. Luật có quy định rõ bảng tính này. Về cơ bản, người làm càng nhiều buổi/ngày thì số ngày YUKYU càng gần với mức của nhân viên full-time. Đây là điểm quan trọng khi tìm hiểu cách tính ngày nghỉ yukyu cho trường hợp làm part-time.
Khi bạn đã đủ điều kiện và có ngày YUKYU, bạn có quyền sử dụng chúng.
Khi nào có thể dùng? Bạn có thể bắt đầu sử dụng số ngày YUKYU đầu tiên (10 ngày) ngay sau khi bạn đáp ứng đủ điều kiện 6 tháng làm việc và tỷ lệ đi làm.
Thủ tục xin nghỉ: Thông thường, bạn chỉ cần thông báo cho công ty về việc bạn muốn nghỉ YUKYU vào ngày/khoảng thời gian nào. Việc này thường được thực hiện bằng cách điền đơn hoặc thông báo qua hệ thống nội bộ. Bạn không bắt buộc phải trình bày lý do xin nghỉ YUKYU.
Có bắt buộc phải dùng hết không? Từ tháng 4 năm 2019, theo quy định về nghỉ phép ở Nhật trong Luật Lao động sửa đổi, đối với những người lao động có 10 ngày YUKYU trở lên, công ty có nghĩa vụ bắt buộc phải cho người lao động nghỉ ít nhất 5 ngày YUKYU mỗi năm. Nếu người lao động không tự xin nghỉ đủ 5 ngày, công ty có thể chỉ định ngày nghỉ cho đủ 5 ngày này.
Công ty có được từ chối không? Theo luật, công ty chỉ có thể từ chối (hoãn) ngày nghỉ YUKYU của bạn nếu việc bạn nghỉ vào ngày đó “cản trở hoạt động kinh doanh bình thường của công ty” (事業の正常な運営を妨げる場合 – Jigyou no Seijou na Unei o Samatageru Baai). Tuy nhiên, đây là trường hợp rất hạn chế. Công ty phải có lý do xác đáng và thường phải đề xuất ngày nghỉ khác cho bạn. Họ không được phép từ chối vô cớ hoặc cấm bạn xin nghỉ YUKYU.
Điều Gì Xảy Ra Nếu Không Dùng Hết YUKYU?
Thời hạn sử dụng: Số ngày YUKYU bạn được nhận có thời hạn sử dụng là 2 năm. Ví dụ: 10 ngày YUKYU nhận được vào tháng 10 năm nay sẽ hết hạn vào tháng 10 của hai năm sau. Số ngày YUKYU không dùng hết trong năm sẽ được cộng dồn sang năm tiếp theo (tối đa bằng số ngày được nhận trong 1 năm, tức là tối đa 20 ngày được cộng dồn).
Có được thanh toán tiền không? Luật Lao động không bắt buộc công ty phải thanh toán tiền cho những ngày YUKYU không dùng hết khi hết hạn hoặc khi người lao động nghỉ việc. Việc công ty có trả tiền cho ngày YUKYU tồn đọng hay không là tùy thuộc vào quy định riêng của từng công ty hoặc thỏa thuận lao động. Đừng mặc định rằng bạn sẽ được trả tiền cho YUKYU chưa dùng.
Tóm tắt nhanh / Điểm chính
YUKYU là nghỉ phép có trả lương, là quyền của người lao động.
Bạn được hưởng YUKYU sau 6 tháng làm việc liên tục và đạt tỷ lệ chuyên cần.
Số ngày YUKYU tăng theo thâm niên, tối đa 20 ngày/năm theo luật.
Công ty phải đảm bảo bạn nghỉ ít nhất 5 ngày YUKYU mỗi năm nếu bạn có đủ 10 ngày trở lên.
Bạn có quyền xin nghỉ YUKYU mà không cần lý do chính đáng (trừ trường hợp cực kỳ đặc biệt gây cản trở nghiêm trọng).
YUKYU có thời hạn sử dụng 2 năm và có thể bị mất nếu không dùng hết.
Việc thanh toán tiền cho YUKYU không dùng hết là tùy quy định công ty.
Kết luận
YUKYU là một quyền lợi hợp pháp và rất quan trọng mà mọi người lao động Việt Nam tại Nhật Bản nên biết và sử dụng. Đừng ngại ngần xin nghỉ YUKYU khi bạn cần, cho dù là để về thăm nhà, đi du lịch hay đơn giản là nghỉ ngơi tại nhà. Việc sử dụng YUKYU không chỉ giúp bạn cân bằng cuộc sống mà còn góp phần duy trì sức khỏe thể chất và tinh thần để làm việc hiệu quả hơn.
Nếu bạn còn bất kỳ câu hỏi nào về YUKYU hoặc các vấn đề liên quan đến luật lao động khi làm việc tại Nhật Bản, đừng ngần ngại liên hệ để được tư vấn cụ thể nhé.
Câu hỏi thường gặp (FAQs)
Tôi làm chưa đủ 6 tháng thì có YUKYU không?
Theo luật, quyền lợi về YUKYU bắt đầu phát sinh sau khi bạn làm việc đủ 6 tháng liên tục và đáp ứng tỷ lệ chuyên cần 80%. Do đó, nếu chưa đủ 6 tháng, bạn sẽ chưa có ngày YUKYU.
Xin nghỉ YUKYU có phải trình bày lý do không?
Không. Bạn có quyền xin nghỉ YUKYU mà không cần phải giải thích lý do cụ thể cho công ty. YUKYU là quyền của bạn để sử dụng cho bất kỳ mục đích cá nhân nào.
Công ty tôi nói không có YUKYU thì có đúng luật không?
Nếu bạn đáp ứng đủ điều kiện về thời gian làm việc (liên tục 6 tháng trở lên) và tỷ lệ đi làm (trên 80%), thì việc công ty nói “không có YUKYU” là sai luật. YUKYU là quyền lợi được quy định trong luật lao động Nhật Bản về nghỉ phép. Bạn có thể tìm hiểu thêm và nếu cần, liên hệ các cơ quan tư vấn lao động hoặc các đơn vị hỗ trợ để được giúp đỡ.
Ngày nghỉ YUKYU có được tính lương không?
Có. “Yuukyuu” (有給) nghĩa là “có trả lương”. Khi bạn nghỉ YUKYU, công ty vẫn phải trả lương cho ngày đó như một ngày làm việc bình thường. Đây là điểm khác biệt cốt lõi so với các loại nghỉ không lương.
YUKYU không dùng hết có mất đi không?
Có. Số ngày YUKYU có thời hạn sử dụng là 2 năm kể từ ngày bạn được nhận số ngày đó. Nếu không sử dụng trong thời gian này, ngày YUKYU sẽ hết hạn và bị mất đi.
Nếu có bất kỳ vướng mắc hay câu hỏi nào liên quan đến việc làm, cuộc sống tại Nhật Bản, hoặc cần tư vấn sâu hơn về các quyền lợi lao động như YUKYU, đừng ngần ngại nhắn tin cho đội ngũ tư vấn của HSB JAPAN. Chúng tôi luôn sẵn sàng hỗ trợ bạn!
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Thuế cư trú tại Nhật Bản : Những điều mà lao động tại Nhật cần phải biết !
Thuế cư trú ở Nhật: Người lao động Việt cần nắm rõ!
Chào các bạn lao động Việt Nam đang sinh sống và làm việc tại Nhật Bản!
Khi đặt chân đến đất nước mặt trời mọc, bên cạnh công việc, cuộc sống sinh hoạt hàng ngày, việc nắm vững các quy định về thuế là vô cùng quan trọng để đảm bảo quyền lợi và thực hiện đúng nghĩa vụ của mình. Có nhiều loại thuế khác nhau, và một trong số đó mà các bạn cần đặc biệt quan tâm chính là Thuế cư trú (住民税).
Hiểu rõ về Thuế cư trú sẽ giúp bạn quản lý tài chính tốt hơn, tránh những bỡ ngỡ hay rắc rối không đáng có, đặc biệt là khi có dự định thay đổi nơi ở hoặc về nước. Bài viết này sẽ cùng các bạn tìm hiểu chi tiết về loại thuế này một cách dễ hiểu nhất.
Thuế cư trú là gì và khác gì Thuế thu nhập cá nhân?
Thuế cư trú (住民税) là gì?
Loại thuế địa phương (tỉnh và thành phố/quận).
Dùng để chi trả cho các dịch vụ công cộng tại địa phương (giáo dục, y tế, phúc lợi…).
Tính dựa trên thu nhập của năm trước đó.
Phân biệt Thuế cư trú và Thuế thu nhập cá nhân (所得税)
Thuế thu nhập: Thuế quốc gia, tính và nộp hàng tháng hoặc hàng năm dựa trên thu nhập của năm hiện tại.
Thuế cư trú: Thuế địa phương, tính dựa trên thu nhập năm trước, nộp từ tháng 6 năm sau.
Tóm lại, Thuế thu nhập cá nhân đánh vào thu nhập hiện tại, còn Thuế cư trú đánh vào thu nhập năm trước.
Ai cần đóng Thuế cư trú tại Nhật Bản?
Quy định về đối tượng nộp Thuế cư trú rất rõ ràng:
Bạn có nghĩa vụ đóng Thuế cư trú của một địa phương nếu bạn có địa chỉ đăng ký (在留カード ghi địa chỉ) tại địa phương đó vào ngày 1 tháng 1 của năm tính thuế.
Ngoài ra, bạn cũng cần phải có thu nhập trong năm trước đó vượt quá một ngưỡng nhất định (ngưỡng này có thể khác nhau đôi chút tùy địa phương).
Ví dụ: Nếu ngày 1 tháng 1 năm 2024, bạn vẫn đang đăng ký cư trú tại Osaka, thì bạn sẽ có nghĩa vụ đóng Thuế cư trú cho thành phố Osaka của năm 2024 (dựa trên thu nhập năm 2023) kể cả khi sau ngày đó bạn chuyển đến Tokyo hoặc thậm chí về Việt Nam.
Đây là một trong những điều quan trọng nhất cần nắm rõ về Thuế cư trú để tránh bỡ ngỡ.
Thuế cư trú được tính như thế nào?
Như đã nói, Thuế cư trú được tính toán dựa trên tổng thu nhập của bạn trong năm tài chính trước đó (từ ngày 1 tháng 1 đến ngày 31 tháng 12).
Việc tính toán cụ thể thường do cơ quan thuế của thành phố/quận nơi bạn đăng ký cư trú thực hiện. Họ sẽ dựa vào thông tin về thu nhập của bạn được khai báo qua công ty (qua quyết toán cuối năm) hoặc do bạn tự khai báo thuế thu nhập cá nhân.
Lawyer Legal counsel presents to the client a signed contract with gavel and legal law. justice and lawyer Business partnership meeting concept.
Thuế cư trú thường bao gồm hai phần:
Khoản cố định đồng đều (均等割): Đây là một khoản phí như nhau áp dụng cho mọi cư dân có thu nhập, không phụ thuộc vào mức thu nhập cao hay thấp (chỉ cần vượt qua ngưỡng miễn thuế tối thiểu). Mức này thường khoảng vài nghìn Yên mỗi năm, có thể khác nhau giữa các địa phương.
Khoản tính theo thu nhập (所得割): Phần này được tính theo tỷ lệ phần trăm trên thu nhập chịu thuế của bạn sau khi đã trừ đi các khoản giảm trừ theo luật định (như giảm trừ bản thân, giảm trừ người phụ thuộc, giảm trừ bảo hiểm xã hội…). Tỷ lệ này thường là 10% (4% là thuế tỉnh dân, 6% là thuế thị dân), nhưng có thể có sự điều chỉnh nhỏ ở một số địa phương.
Sau khi tính toán xong, cơ quan thuế địa phương sẽ gửi cho bạn giấy báo thuế cư trú (納税通知書) vào khoảng tháng 5 hoặc tháng 6, ghi rõ số tiền cần nộp và các kỳ hạn thanh toán.
Khi nào và làm thế nào để đóng Thuế cư trú?
Việc nộp Thuế cư trú thường bắt đầu từ tháng 6 hàng năm. Có hai phương thức chính để đóng loại thuế này:
Nhận giấy báo và tự nộp (普通徴収):
Áp dụng chủ yếu cho những người không làm việc cố định cho một công ty (ví dụ: tự kinh doanh, làm thêm nhiều nơi không có hợp đồng lao động chính thức…).
Cơ quan thuế địa phương sẽ gửi giấy báo thuế cư trú trực tiếp đến nhà bạn.
Bạn mang giấy báo này ra ngân hàng, bưu điện, cửa hàng tiện lợi hoặc sử dụng các ứng dụng thanh toán trực tuyến để nộp tiền.
Thường được chia thành 4 kỳ nộp trong năm: cuối tháng 6, cuối tháng 8, cuối tháng 10 và cuối tháng 1 năm sau. Bạn cũng có thể chọn nộp toàn bộ số tiền một lần.
Khấu trừ trực tiếp từ lương (特別徴収):
Đây là phương thức phổ biến nhất cho người làm công ăn lương chính thức tại các công ty.
Công ty của bạn sẽ nhận thông báo từ cơ quan thuế địa phương về số Thuế cư trú bạn cần đóng.
Công ty sẽ tự động trừ số tiền này từ lương hàng tháng của bạn (thường từ kỳ lương tháng 6 đến kỳ lương tháng 5 năm sau) và thay mặt bạn nộp cho cơ quan thuế. Bạn sẽ thấy khoản khấu trừ này trong bảng lương hàng tháng của mình.
Những điều cần đặc biệt lưu ý về Thuế cư trú
Về nước giữa năm hoặc chuyển đi nơi khác
Như đã nhấn mạnh ở trên, trách nhiệm thuế cư trú được xác định dựa trên việc bạn có phải là cư dân của địa phương đó vào ngày 1 tháng 1 hay không.
Nếu bạn về Việt Nam hoặc chuyển đến địa phương khác sau ngày 1 tháng 1, bạn vẫn có nghĩa vụ đóng toàn bộ số Thuế cư trú của năm đó cho địa phương nơi bạn cư trú vào ngày 1/1.
Nếu bạn đang được công ty khấu trừ từ lương (特別徴収), công ty sẽ tiếp tục khấu trừ cho đến khi bạn nghỉ việc. Số thuế còn lại chưa đóng có thể sẽ được trừ hết vào kỳ lương cuối cùng, hoặc bạn sẽ nhận được giấy báo thuế từ địa phương để tự nộp phần còn lại (chuyển sang hình thức 普通徴収).
Nếu bạn đang tự nộp (普通徴収), bạn sẽ tiếp tục nhận được giấy báo thuế cho các kỳ còn lại.
Trong trường hợp về nước hẳn, bạn cần thông báo cho cơ quan thuế địa phương biết. Bạn có thể được yêu cầu đóng hết số thuế còn lại trước khi rời Nhật, hoặc cần chỉ định một người đại diện thuế (納税管理人) tại Nhật Bản để nhận giấy báo thuế và nộp thay bạn. Việc này rất quan trọng để tránh nợ thuế và các vấn đề pháp lý về sau.
Hãy đảm bảo bạn hoàn thành đầy đủ thủ tục đóng thuế cư trú trước khi rời Nhật hoặc có sắp xếp rõ ràng.
Liên quan đến khai báo thuế thu nhập
Số tiền Thuế cư trú được tính dựa trên thông tin thu nhập của năm trước. Thông tin này đến từ bản khai báo thuế thu nhập cá nhân (確定申告) hoặc thủ tục quyết toán cuối năm (年末調整) mà công ty làm cho bạn. Do đó, việc khai báo thu nhập chính xác là cơ sở để Thuế cư trú được tính đúng.
Tóm tắt nhanh các điểm chính
Thuế cư trú là thuế địa phương dùng cho các dịch vụ công cộng.
Được tính dựa trên thu nhập của năm trước đó.
Áp dụng cho người có địa chỉ đăng ký vào ngày 1 tháng 1 hàng năm.
Số thuế có hai phần: cố định và tính theo thu nhập.
Thường được nộp từ tháng 6 hàng năm, có thể nhận giấy báo tự nộp hoặc trừ trực tiếp từ lương.
Đặc biệt lưu ý: Rời Nhật Bản sau ngày 1 tháng 1 vẫn có trách nhiệm đóng toàn bộ Thuế cư trú của năm đó. Cần hoàn thành nghĩa vụ thuế hoặc ủy thác người đại diện trước khi đi.
Câu hỏi thường gặp (FAQs)
Thuế thu nhập và thuế cư trú khác gì nhau?
Thuế thu nhập là thuế quốc gia dựa trên thu nhập năm hiện tại, thường tạm trừ hàng tháng. Thuế cư trú là thuế địa phương dựa trên thu nhập năm trước đó, bắt đầu nộp từ tháng 6 năm sau.
Tôi vừa sang Nhật năm nay (ví dụ tháng 4/2024), năm sau (2025) tôi có phải đóng thuế cư trú không?
Có. Nếu bạn ở Nhật Bản vào ngày 1 tháng 1 năm 2025 và có thu nhập trong năm 2024, bạn sẽ phải đóng Thuế cư trú cho năm 2025 (dựa trên thu nhập năm 2024).
Tôi về nước hẳn vào tháng 7, có phải đóng hết thuế cư trú cả năm không?
Có. Nếu bạn vẫn còn đăng ký cư trú tại Nhật vào ngày 1 tháng 1 của năm đó, bạn có nghĩa vụ đóng toàn bộ số Thuế cư trú của năm đó cho địa phương đó. Bạn cần đóng hết phần còn lại hoặc ủy thác người đại diện thuế tại Nhật để nộp thay.
Có thể đóng thuế cư trú hàng tháng thay vì hàng quý hoặc trừ lương không?
Nếu công ty trừ lương (特別徴収), thì là hàng tháng. Nếu tự nộp (普通徴収), thông thường là 4 kỳ/năm. Một số địa phương có thể cho phép đóng hàng tháng nếu bạn làm thủ tục đặc biệt hoặc trong các trường hợp cụ thể, nhưng phổ biến nhất vẫn là 4 kỳ.
Làm gì nếu không nhận được giấy báo thuế cư trú?
Nếu đã qua tháng 6 mà bạn chưa nhận được giấy báo thuế cư trú (áp dụng cho hình thức tự nộp) hoặc không thấy khoản khấu trừ trong bảng lương (áp dụng cho hình thức trừ lương), hãy liên hệ với công ty hoặc cơ quan thuế của thành phố/quận nơi bạn đăng ký cư trú để kiểm tra lại thông tin.
Kết luận
Hiểu rõ về Thuế cư trú là một phần thiết yếu trong cuộc sống tại Nhật Bản. Việc nắm vững cách thức hoạt động, đối tượng và thời gian nộp thuế không chỉ giúp bạn thực hiện đúng nghĩa vụ công dân mà còn tránh được những phiền phức không đáng có, đặc biệt khi có sự thay đổi về nơi ở hay dự định về nước.
Nếu bạn có bất kỳ thắc mắc nào khác liên quan đến Thuế cư trú hay các vấn đề thuế và thủ tục hành chính khác tại Nhật Bản, đừng ngần ngại liên hệ với đội ngũ tư vấn của HSB JAPAN để được hỗ trợ giải đáp chi tiết!
Chi nhánh:
Phòng 602, Toàn nhà ASUVA, số 9A Thanh Liệt, Thanh Trì, Hà Nội.
Tel (Japan):(+81)3-5937-2465
Tel (Vietnam): (+84)24-6670-2797
Đã có thể lấy Nenkin 8 năm sau khi về nước?
Chủ đề về Lấy Nenkin sau khi về nước luôn nhận được sự quan tâm lớn, đặc biệt là các quy định liên quan đến việc rút tiền một lần khi về nước. Gần đây, có thông tin về một dự luật quan trọng có thể ảnh hưởng trực tiếp đến quyền lợi của nhiều người lao động nước ngoài tại Nhật, trong đó có cộng đồng người Việt chúng ta. Đó là đề xuất thay đổi thời gian tối đa để rút Nenkin một lần từ 5 năm lên 8 năm.
Thông tin này đang được bàn tán sôi nổi. Vậy thực hư ra sao? Dự luật này có ý nghĩa thế nào với bạn? Bài viết này sẽ cùng bạn làm rõ!
Trước khi đi sâu vào dự luật mới, chúng ta cùng nhắc lại đôi chút về Nenkin và quy định hiện hành.
Hệ Thống Nenkin Nhật Bản
Nenkin là hệ thống bảo hiểm hưu trí bắt buộc tại Nhật Bản. Hầu hết những người từ 20 đến 60 tuổi đang sinh sống tại Nhật đều có nghĩa vụ tham gia và đóng tiền hàng tháng. Khoản tiền này nhằm đảm bảo cuộc sống khi về già.
Quy Định Hiện Tại Về Rút Nenkin Một Lần
Đối với người nước ngoài không định cư lâu dài và có kế hoạch về nước, Nhật Bản có một chính sách gọi là “Trợ cấp thôi trả tiền bảo hiểm hưu trí” (脱退一時金 – Dattai Ichijikin). Đây là khoản tiền hoàn lại một phần dựa trên thời gian đóng Nenkin. Theo quy định hiện hành, bạn có thể nhận khoản tiền này nếu đã đóng Nenkin từ 6 tháng trở lên và chưa đủ điều kiện nhận lương hưu trọn đời. Khoản tiền hoàn lại này được tính dựa trên số tháng đã đóng, nhưng tối đa chỉ được tính cho 5 năm đóng Nenkin (60 tháng). Nghĩa là dù bạn có đóng 6 năm, 7 năm hay thậm chí 10 năm, số tiền hoàn lại tối đa cũng chỉ tương đương với 5 năm đóng.
Đề Xuất Mới: Tăng Thời Gian Nhận Nenkin Lên 8 Năm
Đây chính là điểm mấu chốt của thông tin gần đây.
Nội Dung Đề Xuất
Dự luật mới đang được thảo luận tại Quốc hội Nhật Bản đề xuất nâng thời gian tối đa được tính để rút Nenkin một lần từ 5 năm lên 8 năm. Nếu dự luật này được thông qua, những người nước ngoài có thời gian đóng Nenkin từ 5 năm đến dưới 8 năm khi về nước sẽ có cơ hội nhận lại khoản tiền lớn hơn so với quy định hiện tại.
Đối Tượng Bị Ảnh Hưởng
Đối tượng chính bị ảnh hưởng bởi đề xuất này là những người lao động nước ngoài (trong đó có người Việt) có thời gian sinh sống và làm việc tại Nhật Bản, đồng thời tham gia đóng Nenkin, với tổng thời gian đóng Nenkin nằm trong khoảng từ 5 năm đến dưới 8 năm. Nếu bạn ở dưới 5 năm, quy định hiện tại vẫn cho phép bạn rút theo số năm thực đóng (tối đa 5 năm). Nếu bạn ở từ 8 năm trở lên và không có kế hoạch ở lại Nhật đến tuổi nghỉ hưu, quy định hiện tại chỉ tính tối đa 5 năm, nhưng với đề xuất này, bạn sẽ được tính tối đa lên đến 8 năm.
Lý Do Đằng Sau Đề Xuất
Việc đề xuất thay đổi chính sách Nenkin này được cho là xuất phát từ thực tế ngày càng có nhiều người nước ngoài ở lại Nhật Bản làm việc trong thời gian dài hơn, vượt quá 5 năm. Việc giới hạn hoàn tiền tối đa ở 5 năm có thể khiến nhiều người cảm thấy không công bằng hoặc không khuyến khích họ ở lại đóng góp cho xã hội Nhật Bản lâu hơn. Đề xuất này nhằm mục đích điều chỉnh quy định rút Nenkin cho phù hợp hơn với tình hình thực tế, đồng thời có thể xem như một cách để thu hút và giữ chân lao động có kỹ năng ở lại Nhật lâu hơn.
Ý Nghĩa Của Đề Xuất Với Người Lao Động Việt Nam
Đề xuất tăng thời gian Nenkin lên 8 năm mang đến tin vui cho nhiều người lao động Việt Nam đang có kế hoạch làm việc lâu dài tại Nhật Bản, đặc biệt là những bạn dự định ở lại từ 5 đến 8 năm rồi mới về nước.
Nếu dự luật được thông qua, bạn có thể nhận lại một khoản tiền Nenkin đáng kể hơn khi về nước so với việc chỉ được tính tối đa 5 năm như hiện tại. Điều này giúp giảm bớt thiệt thòi cho những người đã đóng Nenkin một cách đầy đủ trong thời gian dài hơn.
Tuy nhiên, có một điều cực kỳ quan trọng cần lưu ý: Đây vẫn chỉ là dự luật và đang trong quá trình thảo luận, chưa phải là luật chính thức được ban hành và có hiệu lực. Do đó, chúng ta cần tiếp tục theo dõi sát sao các thông tin chính thống từ Chính phủ Nhật Bản và các nguồn đáng tin cậy.
Tóm Tắt Nhanh
Hệ thống Nenkin Nhật Bản có quy định cho phép người nước ngoài rút Nenkin một lần khi về nước.
Quy định hiện tại chỉ tính tối đa 5 nămthời gian đóng Nenkin để hoàn trả.
Có dự luật đang được đề xuất nâng thời gian tối đa này lên 8 năm.
Đề xuất này nếu được thông qua sẽ có lợi cho những người đã đóng Nenkin từ 5 đến dưới 8 năm.
Mục đích của đề xuất là để phù hợp với thực tế và thu hút lao động nước ngoài ở lại lâu hơn.
Khi nào dự luật tăng thời gian Nenkin lên 8 năm có hiệu lực?
Dự luật này hiện vẫn đang trong quá trình thảo luận và chưa được thông qua chính thức. Vì vậy, chưa có thông báo cụ thể về thời điểm có hiệu lực. Chúng ta cần chờ đợi thông tin chính thức từ Chính phủ Nhật Bản.
Nếu tôi đã đóng Nenkin được 6 năm và về nước trong năm nay, liệu tôi có được tính theo quy định 8 năm không?
Theo quy định rút Nenkin hiện tại, bạn chỉ được tính tối đa 5 năm. Việc bạn có được tính theo quy định 8 năm hay không phụ thuộc vào việc dự luật này có được thông qua và có hiệu lực trước thời điểm bạn hoàn tất thủ tục rút Nenkin hay không. Nếu luật có hiệu lực sau khi bạn đã rút tiền theo quy định cũ thì sẽ không áp dụng cho trường hợp của bạn.
Đề xuất này có thay đổi cách tính số tiền được hoàn lại không?
Dự luật chủ yếu tập trung vào việc thay đổi thời gian tối đa được tính (từ 5 lên 8 năm). Cách tính chi tiết số tiền cho từng tháng đóng sau năm thứ 5 có thể sẽ được làm rõ khi dự luật tiến gần hơn đến việc được thông qua. Tuy nhiên, nguyên tắc chung vẫn là hoàn trả một phần dựa trên thời gian đóng Nenkin và mức lương trung bình.
Tôi đã ở Nhật hơn 8 năm nhưng chưa về nước. Nếu luật 8 năm có hiệu lực, khi tôi về nước tôi sẽ được tính bao nhiêu năm?
Nếu dự luật Nenkin 8 năm được thông qua và có hiệu lực, khi bạn về nước và làm thủ tục rút Nenkin một lần, bạn sẽ được tính tối đa 8 nămthời gian đóng Nenkin, miễn là bạn đã đóng đủ thời gian đó.
Tôi nên làm gì để theo dõi thông tin chính xác về dự luật Nenkin 8 năm này?
Bạn nên theo dõi các kênh thông tin chính thức từ cơ quan Bảo hiểm hưu trí Nhật Bản (Nenkin Net), Đại sứ quán/Lãnh sự quán Việt Nam tại Nhật, và các trang tin tức uy tín cập nhật về chính sách Nenkin dành cho người nước ngoài.
Kết Luận
Đề xuất tăng thời gian tính Nenkin tối đa để rút một lần từ 5 năm lên 8 năm là một thông tin rất đáng chú ý, mang lại kỳ vọng về quyền lợi tốt hơn cho những người lao động Việt Nam đã và đang có kế hoạch làm việc lâu dài tại Nhật Bản. Mặc dù đây vẫn chỉ là dự luật, chưa phải luật chính thức, việc nắm bắt thông tin kịp thời là rất quan trọng. Hãy cùng chờ đợi những thông tin cập nhật tiếp theo và chuẩn bị tốt nhất cho kế hoạch tài chính của bản thân.
Nếu bạn có bất kỳ câu hỏi nào về Nenkin hay các thủ tục liên quan tại Nhật Bản, đừng ngần ngại nhắn tin cho đội ngũ tư vấn của HSB JAPAN để được hỗ trợ và giải đáp nhé!
Thông tin liên hệ:
Trụ sở chính:
〒130-0026
東京都墨田区両国1-3-12 (925両国第2ビル)
Chi nhánh:
Phòng 602, Toàn nhà ASUVA, số 9A Thanh Liệt, Thanh Trì, Hà Nội.
Tel (Japan): (+81)3-5937-2465
Tel (Vietnam): (+84)24-6670-2797
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Cẩm nang Tokutei Gino : Quyền lợi của Visa Tokutei Gino tại Nhật Bản
Cẩm nang Tokutei Gino: Quyền lợi Visa cho người Việt tại Nhật
Chào bạn, những người con xa xứ đang làm việc và sinh sống tại đất nước mặt trời mọc! Chắc hẳn, Visa Tokutei Gino (hay còn gọi là Visa Kỹ năng đặc định) không còn quá xa lạ với cộng đồng người Việt tại Nhật Bản. Đây là loại thị thực được Chính phủ Nhật Bản ban hành nhằm giải quyết tình trạng thiếu hụt lao động ở nhiều ngành nghề, đồng thời mở ra những cơ hội mới hấp dẫn cho người lao động nước ngoài.
Nếu bạn đang tìm hiểu về Tokutei Gino, đặc biệt là những quyền lợi mà loại visa này mang lại, thì bài viết này chính là dành cho bạn. Chúng ta sẽ cùng đi sâu vào khám phá những ưu điểm vượt trội khi bạn nắm giữ trong tay tấm visa Tokutei Gino, từ thời gian lưu trú, mức lương, cơ hội phát triển bản thân cho đến khả năng bảo lãnh gia đình sang Nhật và con đường định cư lâu dài.
Tokutei Gino là gì? (Giới thiệu chung)
Trước khi tìm hiểu về các quyền lợi, hãy cùng điểm lại một chút về Tokutei Gino. Đây là tên gọi của chương trình Thị thực Kỹ năng đặc định tại Nhật Bản, được triển khai từ tháng 4 năm 2019. Chương trình này cho phép người lao động nước ngoài có trình độ kỹ năng và tiếng Nhật nhất định đến làm việc tại Nhật Bản trong các ngành nghề đang thiếu hụt.
Visa Tokutei Gino được chia làm 2 loại:
Tokutei Gino Loại 1: Cho phép lưu trú tối đa 5 năm, làm việc trong 14 ngành nghề.
Tokutei Gino Loại 2: Chỉ áp dụng cho 2 ngành (Xây dựng và Đóng tàu/Công nghiệp hàng hải), yêu cầu kỹ năng cao hơn và cho phép lưu trú dài hạn, thậm chí có thể gia hạn vô thời hạn và bảo lãnh gia đình.
Hiểu rõ hai loại này sẽ giúp bạn hình dung rõ hơn về con đường phát triển và những quyền lợi tương ứng.
Những quyền lợi nổi bật của Visa Tokutei Gino Loại 1
Đối với nhiều người lao động Việt Nam, Tokutei Gino Loại 1 là bước tiến lý tưởng từ chương trình Thực tập sinh kỹ năng hoặc là lựa chọn nhập cảnh trực tiếp. Loại visa này mang đến nhiều ưu điểm đáng chú ý:
Thời gian lưu trú lâu hơn và ổn định
So với một số loại visa khác hoặc kết thúc chương trình thực tập sinh 3 năm, visa Tokutei Gino Loại 1 cho phép bạn lưu trú tối đa 5 năm tại Nhật Bản. Điều này tạo sự ổn định đáng kể cho cuộc sống và công việc của bạn, giúp bạn yên tâm làm việc và tích lũy kinh nghiệm, tài chính trong một khoảng thời gian dài.
Mức lương và chế độ đãi ngộ tốt hơn
Đây là một trong những quyền lợi được quan tâm hàng đầu. Khi có visa Tokutei Gino, bạn sẽ được hưởng mức lương và chế độ đãi ngộ tương đương hoặc cao hơn người lao động Nhật Bản có cùng trình độ kỹ năng và kinh nghiệm làm việc. Mức lương của Tokutei Gino được quy định rõ ràng và đảm bảo công bằng, không có sự phân biệt giữa lao động Nhật và lao động nước ngoài. Ngoài ra, bạn cũng được đóng đầy đủ các loại bảo hiểm xã hội, bảo hiểm y tế theo quy định của pháp luật Nhật Bản.
Được phép chuyển công ty (trong cùng ngành)
Một điểm khác biệt lớn và là quyền lợi hấp dẫn của visa Tokutei Gino so với chương trình thực tập sinh là bạn có thể chuyển công ty trong trường hợp có lý do chính đáng (ví dụ: công ty phá sản, điều kiện làm việc không phù hợp…) và tìm được công ty khác sẵn sàng tiếp nhận trong cùng lĩnh vực ngành nghề. Quyền này giúp bạn linh hoạt hơn trong công việc và tìm kiếm môi trường làm việc tốt hơn cho bản thân. Tuy nhiên, việc chuyển đổi cần tuân thủ các quy định và thủ tục nhất định.
Nhận được sự hỗ trợ từ công ty tiếp nhận
Các công ty tiếp nhận lao động Tokutei Gino có trách nhiệm cung cấp một kế hoạch hỗ trợ toàn diện cho người lao động nước ngoài. Kế hoạch này bao gồm nhiều khía cạnh như: hỗ trợ làm quen với cuộc sống sinh hoạt tại Nhật, giúp đỡ trong việc làm các thủ tục hành chính, hỗ trợ học tiếng Nhật, cung cấp thông tin khi cần thiết và có kênh tư vấn, giải đáp thắc mắc. Sự hỗ trợ này giúp bạn dễ dàng hòa nhập và ổn định cuộc sống ban đầu.
Con đường tiềm năng lên Visa Tokutei Gino Loại 2
Đối với một số ngành nghề, sau khi hoàn thành chương trình Tokutei Gino Loại 1 (thường là đủ 5 năm) và vượt qua kỳ thi đánh giá kỹ năng nâng cao cũng như trình độ tiếng Nhật cao hơn, bạn hoàn toàn có cơ hội chuyển đổi lên Visa Tokutei Gino Loại 2. Đây là một bước tiến quan trọng mở ra nhiều quyền lợi hấp dẫn hơn nữa.
Quyền lợi đặc biệt của Visa Tokutei Gino Loại 2
Nếu bạn thuộc nhóm ngành có Tokutei Gino Loại 2 và đủ điều kiện chuyển đổi, những quyền lợi bạn nhận được sẽ “đặc biệt” hơn rất nhiều:
Thời gian lưu trú Vĩnh trú
Không còn giới hạn 5 năm như Loại 1, visa Tokutei Gino Loại 2 cho phép bạn gia hạn visa vô thời hạn. Điều này đồng nghĩa với việc bạn có thể sinh sống và làm việc lâu dài tại Nhật Bản mà không cần lo lắng về việc phải về nước. Đây là bước đệm vững chắc tiến tới khả năng xin Thị thực Vĩnh trú (Permanent Resident).
Được bảo lãnh gia đình sang Nhật
Đây là quyền lợi lớn nhất và ý nghĩa nhất của Visa Tokutei Gino Loại 2. Bạn có thể bảo lãnh vợ/chồng và con cái của mình sang Nhật Bản cùng sinh sống. Điều này giúp bạn xây dựng tổ ấm tại Nhật và không còn phải xa cách những người thân yêu.
Cơ hội định cư lâu dài tại Nhật
Với khả năng gia hạn visa không giới hạn và được bảo lãnh gia đình Tokutei Gino, con đường xin Thị thực Vĩnh trú của bạn sẽ rộng mở hơn rất nhiều. Nếu đáp ứng đủ các điều kiện về thời gian lưu trú, thu nhập, tuân thủ pháp luật…, bạn hoàn toàn có thể nộp đơn xin Vĩnh trú và chính thức định cư lâu dài tại đất nước Nhật Bản.
So sánh nhanh: Tokutei Gino và Thực tập sinh kỹ năng
Để bạn dễ hình dung, đây là một số điểm khác biệt chính về quyền lợi giữa Visa Tokutei Gino và chương trình Thực tập sinh kỹ năng:
Tiêu chí
Thực tập sinh kỹ năng
Visa Tokutei Gino Loại 1
Visa Tokutei Gino Loại 2
Thời gian lưu trú
Tối đa 3-5 năm
Tối đa 5 năm
Vô thời hạn
Mức lương/Chế độ
Thường theo quy định TTS
Tương đương/Cao hơn người Nhật
Tương đương/Cao hơn người Nhật
Chuyển công ty
Rất khó, gần như không được
Được phép (trong cùng ngành)
Được phép (trong cùng ngành)
Bảo lãnh gia đình
Không được
Không được
Được phép
Cơ hội định cư
Không
Tiềm năng lên Loại 2
Rất cao
Hỗ trợ
Từ nghiệp đoàn/công ty
Bắt buộc có kế hoạch hỗ trợ
Bắt buộc có kế hoạch hỗ trợ
Sự khác biệt này cho thấy visa kỹ năng đặc định mang lại sự ổn định, quyền lợi tốt hơn và con đường phát triển rõ ràng hơn cho người lao động.
Điều kiện để nhận những quyền lợi này
Để hưởng những quyền lợi tuyệt vời của Tokutei Gino, bạn cần đáp ứng một số điều kiện cơ bản do Chính phủ Nhật Bản quy định:
Đỗ kỳ thi kiểm tra kỹ năng chuyên môn ngành nghề.
Đỗ kỳ thi kiểm tra năng lực tiếng Nhật (thường là JLPT N4 hoặc tương đương trở lên cho Loại 1).
Đáp ứng các tiêu chí về sức khỏe, lý lịch tư pháp.
Có hợp đồng lao động với công ty tiếp nhận tại Nhật Bản.
Đối với Tokutei Gino Loại 2, cần có kinh nghiệm làm việc lâu năm trong ngành và đỗ các kỳ thi ở cấp độ cao hơn.
Tóm tắt nhanh các điểm chính
Tokutei Gino (Visa Kỹ năng đặc định) là cơ hội việc làm và định cư tại Nhật.
Visa có 2 loại: Loại 1 (tối đa 5 năm) và Loại 2 (vô thời hạn, chỉ 2 ngành).
Quyền lợi Loại 1 gồm: Lưu trú lâu hơn (5 năm), mức lương Tokutei Gino và chế độ đãi ngộ tốt, được phép chuyển công ty Tokutei Gino (cùng ngành), nhận hỗ trợ toàn diện.
Quyền lợi Loại 2 đặc biệt hấp dẫn: Lưu trú vô thời hạn, được bảo lãnh gia đình Tokutei Gino, cơ hội định cư lâu dài.
So sánh Tokutei Gino và thực tập sinh cho thấy TG có ưu thế về ổn định, linh hoạt chuyển việc, và con đường định cư.
Để có visa, bạn cần đỗ các kỳ thi kỹ năng và tiếng Nhật.
Kết luận
Visa Tokutei Gino thực sự là một chương trình hấp dẫn, mở ra nhiều cánh cửa cho người lao động Việt Nam mong muốn làm việc và phát triển sự nghiệp lâu dài tại Nhật Bản. Từ sự ổn định về thời gian lưu trú, mức lương cạnh tranh, cơ hội chuyển công ty Tokutei Gino, đến khả năng bảo lãnh gia đình sang Nhật và cơ hội định cư với Tokutei Gino Loại 2, những quyền lợi này tạo nên một tương lai đầy hứa hẹn.
Nếu bạn đã đủ điều kiện hoặc đang trên đường hoàn thành các yêu cầu để chuyển đổi hoặc xin visa Tokutei Gino, hãy tự tin nắm bắt cơ hội này. Đây không chỉ là một công việc, mà còn là một con đường để bạn phát triển bản thân và xây dựng cuộc sống tốt đẹp tại Nhật Bản.
Các câu hỏi thường gặp (FAQs)
Tôi đang là thực tập sinh, làm sao để chuyển sang visa Tokutei Gino?Để từ thực tập sinh lên Tokutei Gino, bạn cần hoàn thành chương trình thực tập sinh (thường là 3 năm), có đầy đủ hồ sơ và giấy tờ chứng nhận. Sau đó, bạn cần đỗ kỳ thi kỹ năng chuyên môn của ngành nghề bạn muốn chuyển sang và đỗ kỳ thi năng lực tiếng Nhật cấp độ N4 hoặc tương đương (đối với Tokutei Gino Loại 1). Nếu bạn đã đỗ kỳ thi chuyển giai đoạn 3 hoặc hoàn thành đủ 3 năm thực tập sinh, bạn có thể được miễn một số bài kiểm tra.
Visa Tokutei Gino có được về nước thăm gia đình không?Có. Khi bạn có visa Tokutei Gino và đang làm việc hợp pháp tại Nhật Bản, bạn hoàn toàn có quyền xin giấy phép tái nhập cảnh (Re-entry Permit) để về thăm gia đình tại Việt Nam và quay trở lại Nhật Bản làm việc theo quy định.
Mức lương của Tokutei Gino có cố định không hay phụ thuộc ngành nghề?Mức lương Tokutei Gino không cố định chung cho tất cả mà phụ thuộc vào ngành nghề, kinh nghiệm và vị trí làm việc cụ thể của bạn, tương tự như cách trả lương cho người lao động Nhật Bản. Tuy nhiên, mức lương này được quy định phải bằng hoặc cao hơn mức lương của người Nhật có cùng trình độ làm việc, đảm bảo tính công bằng.
Em có cần bằng cấp tiếng Nhật cao để được visa Tokutei Gino không?Đối với Tokutei Gino Loại 1, yêu cầu về tiếng Nhật thường là đỗ kỳ thi Năng lực tiếng Nhật JLPT cấp độ N4 hoặc vượt qua kỳ thi đánh giá tiếng Nhật của Quỹ Giao lưu Quốc tế Nhật Bản (Japan Foundation Test for Basic Japanese – JFT-Basic). Đối với Tokutei Gino Loại 2, yêu cầu sẽ cao hơn, thường là JLPT N3 hoặc cao hơn tùy ngành.
Sau 5 năm visa Tokutei Gino Loại 1, nếu không lên được Loại 2 thì sao?Nếu sau 5 năm với visa Tokutei Gino Loại 1, bạn không đáp ứng đủ điều kiện để chuyển đổi sang Loại 2 hoặc một loại visa khác (như visa kỹ sư, visa kinh doanh…), bạn sẽ cần rời khỏi Nhật Bản khi visa hết hạn. Tuy nhiên, việc có 5 năm kinh nghiệm làm việc hợp pháp tại Nhật với visa này sẽ mở ra nhiều cơ hội khác cho tương lai của bạn.
Nếu bạn có bất kỳ thắc mắc nào về visa Tokutei Gino, các điều kiện chuyển đổi hay muốn tìm hiểu thêm về cơ hội việc làm tại Nhật Bản, đừng ngần ngại liên hệ với đội ngũ tư vấn giàu kinh nghiệm của HSB JAPAN. Chúng tôi luôn sẵn sàng hỗ trợ bạn trên con đường chinh phục giấc mơ Nhật Bản!
Japan Resident Tax: What Happens If You Don’t Pay?
Japan Resident Tax: Don’t Pay? Consequences & Resident Tax Exemption
Navigating taxes in a foreign country can feel daunting, especially as an expat worker in Japan. Among the various obligations, the local Resident Tax (住民税 – Juminzei) often brings questions. It’s different from national income tax and is based on your income from the previous year. But what exactly happens if you find yourself unable to pay, or simply forget? Are there ways to get a resident tax exemption? Let’s break down the potential consequences and explore avenues for relief to help you stay compliant and stress-free in Japan.
What is Japan Resident Tax (Juminzei)?
Think of Juminzei as your contribution to the local services in the municipality where you live. This includes things like schools, infrastructure, welfare services, and more. Unlike national income tax, which is calculated and paid on your income from *this* year, resident tax is calculated based on your total income from the *previous* calendar year (January 1st to December 31st). Everyone legally residing in Japan as of January 1st of a given year is generally subject to resident tax for that year, based on their previous year’s earnings, regardless of their nationality or visa status.
How is Resident Tax Calculated?
Resident tax consists of two main parts: an income-based portion (所得割 – shotokuwari) and a per-capita portion (均等割 – kintowari). The income-based portion is typically 6% levied by the prefectural government and 4% by the municipal government (a total of 10% on your taxable income after deductions). The per-capita portion is a fixed amount, usually around ¥5,000 – ¥6,000 per year, varying slightly by municipality. Your municipality sends you a tax notice (納税通知書 – nozei tsūchisho) in June detailing the amount owed and payment deadlines.
The Consequences of Not Paying Your Resident Tax
Ignoring tax obligations in any country comes with risks, and Japan is no exception. The consequences for not paying resident tax Japan are designed to escalate, encouraging prompt payment. It’s crucial not to simply ignore the notices you receive.
Initial Notices and Warnings
If you miss a payment deadline (often quarterly or in a lump sum), you’ll first receive reminder notices (督促状 – tokusokujō) from your municipal tax office. These aren’t just gentle nudges; they are formal warnings that indicate you are in arrears and outline the original amount due plus potential late fees.
Late Payment Penalties (Delinquent Tax)
Along with reminder notices, you will start incurring a late payment penalty (延滞金 – entaikin), sometimes referred to as delinquent tax. The exact percentage varies by municipality and the duration of the delay. Initially, the rate is lower (e.g., around 2.4% per year for the first month or so), but it increases significantly for longer periods of non-payment (e.g., up to 8.7% per year). These penalties are calculated daily, so the longer you wait, the more you owe on top of the original tax amount.
Interest Charges (Late Payment Interest)
Separate from or combined with the late payment penalty depending on the specific rules, interest charges apply. This further increases the total amount you owe. The rates are determined based on official interest rates and fluctuate slightly year to year. Again, the longer the debt remains unpaid, the more interest accrues.
Property Seizure and Bank Account Freezing
This is where things become very serious. If you continue to ignore notices and fail to pay, the municipal tax office has the legal authority to initiate compulsory collection procedures. This can include:
Salary Seizure: A portion of your monthly salary can be directly garnished from your employer and sent to the tax office.
Bank Account Freezing: Your Japanese bank account(s) can be frozen, and funds up to the amount owed can be seized. This can severely disrupt your ability to live and work in Japan. Consequences could include a bank account frozen Japan tax situation becoming a major hurdle in daily life.
Seizure of Other Assets: While less common for smaller resident tax debts, authorities can seize other assets like vehicles or property.
This process doesn’t happen overnight, but once initiated, it can be swift and impactful. They don’t need a court order; the tax office’s delinquency notice holds the legal power to seize assets.
Impact on Your Visa/Residency
While not paying resident tax doesn’t *automatically* revoke your visa, it can have serious implications, especially for longer-term residency or visa renewals. Immigration authorities consider whether you have fulfilled your tax obligations as part of their assessment. Having outstanding tax debts can be a significant negative factor when applying for visa extensions, changes of status, or permanent residency. A history of visa status and Japan tax non-compliance signals a potential lack of adherence to Japanese laws and regulations.
Can You Get a Resident Tax Exemption?
Yes, under specific circumstances, you might be eligible for a resident tax exemption. It’s important to understand that this isn’t automatic; you usually need to meet certain criteria based on your income from the *previous* year or your status.
Eligibility Criteria
The most common criteria for a resident tax exemption are related to low income. If your total income (specifically, your total income amount, 合計所得金額 – gokei shotoku kingaku) in the previous year was below a certain threshold, you might be exempt from either or both the income-based and per-capita portions.
Low Income Exemption: This threshold varies significantly depending on your municipality, the number of dependents you have, and whether you have other sources of income. Generally, if your income was below the minimum required for basic living expenses, you might qualify. Look up “low income resident tax exemption Japan” for your specific city/ward.
Specific Situations: Exemptions can also apply in specific hardship cases, for individuals receiving certain welfare benefits, or possibly for certain students (though rules vary).
Remember, eligibility is based on *last year’s* income, not your current income situation. If you arrived in Japan mid-year and had little or no income *in Japan* the previous year, you might automatically be exempt from the income-based portion for your first full tax year, but potentially still owe the per-capita portion.
Process for Applying
If you believe you qualify for a resident tax exemption based on low income or another reason, you typically don’t “apply” in the same way you might apply for a benefit. Your eligibility is usually determined when your municipality calculates your tax based on your previous year’s tax filing (or lack thereof, which still informs them of your income). However, if you receive a tax notice and believe it’s incorrect or you should be exempt due to a specific situation not captured by standard filing, you should contact your municipal tax office immediately to inquire. Sometimes, filing a municipal resident tax declaration (住民税申告 – juminzei shinkoku) is necessary, even if you didn’t file a national tax return, to claim dependents or declare income/lack thereof for exemption purposes.
Resident Tax When Leaving Japan
A common situation for expats is dealing with leaving Japan and resident tax. Since resident tax is based on the previous year’s income but paid starting in June of the current year, you will owe resident tax for the year you leave, based on your income from the year *before* you left. For example, if you leave in July 2024, you will still owe resident tax for the tax year 2024 (covering Jan 1 – Dec 31, 2024), which is calculated on your income from 2023.
If you leave *before* January 1st of a year, you are generally *not* liable for resident tax for that year (as you weren’t a resident on Jan 1st), but you still owe any unpaid tax from previous years.
If you leave *after* January 1st, you *are* liable for the full year’s tax. You must designate a tax agent (納税管理人 – nōzei kanrinin), who is a resident in Japan responsible for receiving your tax notices and paying on your behalf after you’ve left. Failure to do so can lead to significant complications and potentially impact future entry into Japan.
What to Do If You’re Struggling to Pay
If you receive a resident tax bill and know you cannot pay it on time, the *worst* thing you can do is ignore it. Proactive communication is key.
Contact Your Municipal Tax Office: Reach out to them *before* the deadline or as soon as you realize you’ll miss it. Explain your situation. They may be willing to discuss payment plans (分割払い – bunkatsu barai) or temporary deferrals depending on your circumstances. Don’t be afraid to ask for help; they are often more understanding if you communicate. Find your Tax office contact Japan information for your specific ward or city.
Explore Exemption Eligibility: Review the criteria for a resident tax exemption eligibility with the tax office. While low income is the primary factor, they can confirm if any other conditions apply to you based on your registered information.
Seek Professional Advice: If your tax situation is complex, especially concerning income from multiple sources, dependents, or leaving Japan, consider consulting a tax advisor or accountant who specializes in foreign residents.
Remember, even if you can’t pay the full amount, paying a portion or arranging a plan is far better than paying nothing and facing escalating penalties and potential asset seizure.
Japan Resident Tax (Juminzei) is a local tax based on your previous year’s income, paid starting in June.
Not paying leads to escalating consequences: reminder notices, late payment penalties, interest charges, and potentially asset seizure (like bank accounts or salary).
Non-payment can negatively impact your visa status or future visa applications/renewals.
A resident tax exemption is possible, primarily based on low income from the previous year.
Eligibility for exemption is usually determined during tax calculation based on your filing.
If you’re leaving Japan after Jan 1st, you likely owe the full year’s resident tax and need a tax agent.
If you cannot pay, *immediately* contact your municipal tax office to discuss options like payment plans.
Ignoring tax notices is the worst possible action. Seek professional help if needed.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1: Who exactly has to pay Juminzei in Japan?
A1: Generally, anyone registered as a resident in Japan as of January 1st of a given year is liable for resident tax for that year, based on their income from the previous calendar year. This includes foreign residents and expat workers. Even if you move to Japan later in the year, your liability for the *next* year’s tax will be based on the income earned *in Japan* during the year you arrived.
Q2: What’s the typical Juminzei payment deadline?
A2: Resident tax notices are usually sent out around June 1st each year. Payments are typically due in four installments (June, August, October, January of the next year), but you often have the option to pay the full amount by the June deadline. Check your specific tax notice for the exact Juminzei payment deadline as dates can vary slightly.
Q3: Can my visa be affected if I don’t pay resident tax?
A3: Yes, outstanding tax debts can negatively impact your visa status. Immigration authorities consider whether you have fulfilled your tax obligations as part of visa extension, change of status, or permanent residency applications. While not paying might not lead to immediate deportation, it can be a significant hurdle for maintaining or changing your visa status long-term. Learn more about visa status and Japan tax compliance.
Q4: How do I know if I qualify for a resident tax exemption?
A4: Eligibility for a resident tax exemption eligibility is primarily based on having low income in the *previous* year. The specific income threshold varies by municipality and your personal situation (e.g., dependents). Your municipality will assess this based on your tax filings. If you receive a tax notice but believe you should be exempt, contact your local tax office to inquire about the specific resident tax exemption requirements Japan for your area.
Q5: What happens if I leave Japan owing resident tax?
A5: If you leave Japan after January 1st, you are liable for that year’s resident tax (based on the previous year’s income). You are required to appoint a tax agent (納税管理人) who resides in Japan to handle your tax payments and correspondence after you leave. Failure to do so can result in difficulties like collection efforts contacting you overseas or impacting future attempts to enter Japan. It’s crucial to address your leaving Japan and resident tax obligations properly.
Conclusion
Understanding your Japan Resident Tax obligations is essential for a smooth life as an expat. While the idea of non-payment might cross your mind if finances are tight, the potential consequences – from escalating penalties to impacting your visa and assets – are significant. However, remember that options like a resident tax exemption or payment plans exist if you meet the criteria or communicate proactively with your municipal tax office. Don’t let tax worries linger. Take informed action, explore your options, and seek professional guidance if your situation is complex.
We hope this guide has clarified what happens if you don’t pay your Japan Resident Tax and the possibilities of a resident tax exemption. Tax rules can be complex, especially in a foreign country. What was the most surprising thing you learned from this article?
Feel free to share your thoughts below or share this article with other expats who might find it helpful!
Consultation with local municipal tax office websites (Highly recommended for specific details relevant to your location)
Note: Tax laws are subject to change. Consult official sources or a qualified tax professional for advice specific to your situation.
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A Basic Guide to Resident Tax in Japan (Juminzei)
Juminzei: Guide to Japanese Resident Tax for Expats
Navigating taxes in a new country can feel like deciphering a complex code. You’ve likely heard of income tax, but there’s another important one you’ll encounter: the Juminzei, or Japanese Resident Tax.
Unlike national income tax (which you might pay via withholding every month), the resident tax is a local tax. It’s calculated based on your previous year’s income and helps fund services in the city or ward where you live as of January 1st. For many expats, the first time you truly notice it is when you receive a notification slip or see a larger deduction starting in June.
Feeling a bit lost? You’re not alone! This guide is designed specifically for expat workers like you. We’ll break down what Juminzei is, who pays it, how it’s calculated, and most importantly, how and when you need to pay. By the end, you should have a much clearer picture of this essential aspect of living and working in Japan.
Understanding Juminzei: The Basics
The Japanese Resident Tax (Juminzei) isn’t just one tax; it’s actually a combination of two prefectural and municipal taxes levied by your local government. Think of it as your contribution to the public services right in your neighborhood and prefecture – from schools and infrastructure to welfare services.
Two Components: Prefectural and Municipal Tax
When you look at your tax statement or pay slip, you’ll see the total Juminzei amount. This sum is divided between the prefecture you live in (e.g., Tokyo-to, Osaka-fu) and the municipality (city, ward, town, or village) within that prefecture. The split is typically 40% for the prefecture and 60% for the municipality, though this can vary slightly by location.
The “Per Capita” and “Income-Based” Levy
Juminzei has two parts:
Per Capita Levy (均等割 – Kintowari): A fixed rate that everyone residing in the municipality as of January 1st pays, regardless of income (though low-income earners may be exempt). This is usually a small, fixed amount per year (e.g., ¥5,000 – ¥6,000 total).
Income-Based Levy (所得割 – Shotokuwari): This is the larger portion and is calculated based on your income from the previous year. It’s a percentage of your taxable income after deductions.
Most of the Juminzei you pay comes from the income-based levy, making it crucial to understand how your income from the prior year impacts your current tax bill.
Who Pays Juminzei in Japan?
This is a key question for expats. The rule is simple but often leads to confusion:
Residence Status and Tax Liability
You are generally liable for Juminzei if you are registered as a resident in a municipality in Japan as of January 1st of the current year.
The January 1st Rule
Here’s why the January 1st date is critical: Your Juminzei liability for the current year (e.g., 2024) is determined by where you were living and registered on January 1st, 2024. The tax amount itself is then based on your income earned throughout the previous year (2023).
This means if you arrived in Japan in, say, March 2023, you likely had little or no income in Japan during 2023. As of January 1st, 2024, you were a resident. So, in June 2024, you’ll receive a Juminzei bill based on your minimal income from 2023. However, come June 2025, your bill will be based on your full income from 2024, which will be significantly higher. This sudden jump in the second year’s Juminzei is a common surprise for expats!
How Juminzei is Calculated
As mentioned, the bulk of your Juminzei bill comes from the income-based levy, which is calculated based on your earnings from the previous calendar year (January 1st to December 31st).
Based on Your Previous Year’s Income
Your employer reports your annual income to your local municipality after the year ends. If you have other income sources (like freelance work, rentals, etc.), you might need to file a separate tax declaration (Kakutei Shinkoku) by March 15th to report everything accurately. This ensures the municipality has the correct income figure to calculate your Juminzei.
The Calculation Formula (Simplified)
The income-based levy is typically calculated as a flat percentage of your “taxable income.”
Taxable Income = Total Income (from previous year) – Income Deductions
Common income deductions include basic deductions, employment income deductions, spousal deductions, dependent deductions, social insurance contributions, medical expense deductions, etc. These are similar to those for national income tax.
The standard tax rate for the income-based levy is usually around 10% (6% for municipal tax, 4% for prefectural tax), although this can vary slightly by municipality and prefecture.
Deductions and Allowances
Just like with national income tax, various deductions can reduce your taxable income, thereby lowering your Juminzei bill. Make sure your employer is aware of your dependents, insurance payments, etc., or include them if you file a tax declaration.
Unique Insight: Many expats are surprised that their first Juminzei bill is often quite low. This is because it’s based on their income in the year they arrived, which might only be a few months’ worth of salary. The shock comes in the second year when the bill is based on a full 12 months of higher income. Budgeting for this increase is crucial!
How and When to Pay Juminzei
There are two primary methods for paying your Japanese Resident Tax, usually determined by your employer or your filing status.
Method 1: Special Collection (特別徴収 – Tokubetsu Choshu)
If you are a company employee, your employer will likely handle your Juminzei payment through “Special Collection.” This means your Juminzei is automatically deducted from your monthly salary, similar to how income tax is withheld.
The annual Juminzei amount calculated by the municipality is divided into 12 installments, which are deducted from your salary from June of the current year until May of the following year. This is the most common and convenient method for employed expats.
If you are self-employed, retired, or if your employer doesn’t use special collection, you will pay through “Regular Collection.” In this case, your municipality will send you a Juminzei notification slip (or multiple slips) in June.
The total annual amount is typically divided into four installments, payable by specific deadlines:
End of June
End of August
End of October
End of January (of the following year)
You can use the payment slips to pay at banks, post offices, convenience stores, or via online banking/payment apps in some municipalities.
Pro-Tip: Don’t ignore the Juminzei notification! Missing deadlines can result in delinquency charges.
Got questions about payment methods? Check our FAQs!
Resident Tax vs. Income Tax: What’s the Difference?
It’s easy to get confused between these two taxes, but they serve different purposes and are handled differently.
Key Distinctions
Levying Authority: Income tax (Shotokuzei) is a national tax collected by the National Tax Agency. Juminzei is a local tax collected by your municipal and prefectural governments.
Calculation Basis: Both are based on income, but national income tax is calculated on your current year’s income and often paid via monthly withholding, with a potential year-end adjustment or tax filing. Juminzei is calculated on your previous year’s income and paid in the current year.
Payment Timing: Income tax is usually withheld monthly or paid in one go via filing. Juminzei is typically paid in 12 monthly installments (special collection) or 4 quarterly installments (regular collection) from June to May of the following year.
While they are different taxes, the income information you report for national income tax filing (Kakutei Shinkoku) is automatically shared with your local municipality, which is then used to calculate your Juminzei bill. If you file income tax correctly, you usually don’t need a separate filing just for Juminzei.
Leaving Japan? Don’t Forget Your Juminzei!
If you plan to leave Japan permanently or for an extended period (usually meaning you cease to be a tax resident), your Juminzei obligations don’t necessarily end the moment you leave.
Tax Agent Requirement
If you leave Japan before paying all your Juminzei installments for the year (especially if you pay via Regular Collection), you are required to appoint a Tax Agent (納税管理人 – Nozei Kanrinin). This person (who must be a resident in Japan) will receive your tax notices and pay your taxes on your behalf.
Paying Before You Leave
Alternatively, depending on your municipality, you may be able to pay all outstanding Juminzei installments before your departure date. Check with your local city or ward office well in advance of your planned departure to understand their specific procedures.
Ignoring outstanding taxes can lead to issues, so it’s best to settle everything or appoint an agent before you depart.
Navigating Juminzei as an Expat
Dealing with taxes in a foreign language can be intimidating, but help is available.
Dealing with Language Barriers
Tax forms and notices are often only in Japanese. Don’t hesitate to seek assistance. Many city and ward offices have support desks or interpreters available, especially during peak tax season (Feb-Mar for income tax, May-June for Juminzei notices).
Where to Find Help (City Hall, Tax Advisors)
Local City/Ward Office: This is your primary point of contact for Juminzei issues. They handle the calculation and collection. Bring your notification slip (if you have one) and identification.
National Tax Agency (NTA) Offices: While primarily for national income tax, they can sometimes offer general tax advice.
Professional Tax Advisors (Zeirishi): For complex situations, especially involving different income types, deductions, or international tax implications, consulting a qualified, English-speaking tax advisor (Zeirishi) is highly recommended. While there’s a fee, their expertise can save you stress and potential errors.
Quick Takeaways
Juminzei is a local tax (prefectural + municipal) in Japan.
It’s based on your income from the previous calendar year.
Your liability is determined by being a resident on January 1st.
It has two parts: a small fixed “Per Capita” levy and a larger “Income-Based” levy (around 10%).
Payment is typically from June to May (Special) or quarterly (Regular).
Plan for a potentially higher bill in your second year based on a full year’s income.
If leaving Japan, you may need to appoint a tax agent or pay in full.
Don’t hesitate to seek help from your local city/ward office or a tax professional.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: I arrived in Japan in September. Do I have to pay Juminzei this year?
A: Your first Juminzei bill will arrive the following June. It will be based on the income you earned in Japan from September to December of your arrival year. Your bill the year after that will be based on a full year’s income and will likely be much higher.
Q: Where can I pay my Juminzei using the regular collection slips?
A: You can usually pay at banks, post offices, convenience stores (check which ones are listed on the slip), or through online banking/payment apps if your municipality supports it. The payment locations are usually listed on the back of the slip.
Q: What happens if I lose my Juminzei notification slip?
A: Contact your local city or ward office immediately. They can issue a replacement payment slip or provide instructions on how to pay without it. Don’t wait until the deadline passes!
Q: Is Juminzei calculated on my gross income or net income?
A: Juminzei (the income-based part) is calculated on your taxable income, which is your gross income minus various deductions and allowances (like employment income deduction, social insurance premiums, dependents, etc.).
Q: How much is the Juminzei rate?
A: The standard income-based rate is approximately 10% (6% municipal, 4% prefectural). On top of this, there’s a small fixed per capita levy (around ¥5,000-¥6,000 total) unless you are exempt based on low income.
Conclusion: Your Next Steps
Understanding Juminzei is a key part of managing your finances as an expat worker in Japan. While the system might seem daunting at first, remember that it’s a standard process all residents go through. Knowing that your bill is based on last year’s income and how the payment methods work can help you budget and avoid surprises.
If you receive a Juminzei notification and are unsure, or if your income situation is complex, don’t hesitate to reach out for help. Your local city office is there to assist, and professional tax advisors can provide tailored guidance.
Stay informed, keep track of your income, and handle your Juminzei responsibly for a smoother financial life in Japan!
Navigating the Japanese tax system can feel like solving a complex puzzle, especially when terms like “Juminzei” come up. If you’re an expat working in Japan, understanding your Resident Tax obligations is crucial. It’s different from the national income tax you might already be familiar with, and it plays a significant role in your annual finances. This guide is designed to demystify the process, helping you understand how your Resident Tax is calculated, who needs to pay it, and how to handle it.
We’ll break down the formula, explain key concepts like the previous year’s income and important deductions, and clarify the payment timeline. By the end of this article, you’ll have a clear picture of how Japan Resident Tax works and feel more confident managing your taxes here. Let’s dive in!
What is Resident Tax (Juminzei) in Japan?
Resident Tax, known as Juminzei (住民税) in Japanese, is a local tax levied by the prefecture and municipality where you officially reside as of January 1st each year. Think of it as your contribution to local services like schools, public infrastructure, welfare programs, and administrative services in your city or town.
Two Parts: Prefectural and Municipal Tax
Resident Tax is actually a combination of two taxes:
Prefectural Resident Tax (都道府県民税, Todofukenminzei): Collected by your prefecture.
Municipal Resident Tax (市町村民税, Shichosonminzei): Collected by your city, town, or village.
While they are separate taxes collected by different levels of local government, they are calculated together based on the same income information and usually paid together as a single amount.
Why Expats Need to Understand It
For many expats, Resident Tax often comes as a bit of a shock in their second year in Japan. This is because, unlike national income tax which is often deducted monthly from your salary based on estimates for the current year, Resident Tax is calculated based on your income from the *previous calendar year*. So, your first year might feel tax-light (only paying national income tax), but the second year brings the added burden of paying Resident Tax on the full income earned in your first year. Understanding the juminzei tax year Japan uses is crucial to avoid surprises.
Who Needs to Pay Resident Tax?
Whether or not you are liable for Japan Resident Tax depends on your residency status and where you lived as of a specific date.
The “Domicile” (住所, Jūsho) Concept
The key factor is having a “domicile” (住所, jūsho) or a place of residence in Japan as of **January 1st** of the current year. Your domicile is generally considered your principal place of living. For most expats with mid to long-term visas, this means being registered as a resident at a city or ward office.
The Crucial January 1st Date
This date is critical. If you arrived in Japan *after* January 1st of a given year and established residency, you will *not* be liable for Resident Tax for that specific year (based on the previous year’s income). Your obligation starts from the January 1st *following* your arrival. For example, if you moved to Japan in April 2023, you wouldn’t owe Resident Tax based on 2022 income (as you weren’t here on Jan 1, 2023). You *will* owe Resident Tax based on your 2023 income, payable starting in June 2024 (as you were resident on Jan 1, 2024).
How is Resident Tax Calculated? The Formula Explained
The calculation of your Resident Tax (Juminzei) is primarily based on your income from the *previous* calendar year (January 1st to December 31st). It involves a few key steps:
Step 1: Determine Your Gross Income
This is the total income you earned from all sources during the previous year before any deductions. For most expats, this is primarily employment income, but it can also include income from other sources like rental properties, business activities, etc.
Step 2: Subtract Income Deductions
Various deductions are subtracted from your gross income to arrive at your taxable income. These deductions account for basic living costs, social security contributions, and other eligible expenses. We’ll detail the common ones shortly.
Common Income Deductions
These reduce the amount of income subject to the income-based tax rate:
Basic Deduction (基礎控除, Kiso Kojo)
Employment Income Deduction (給与所得控除, Kyuyo Shotoku Kojo) – for salary earners
Social Insurance Premiums Deduction (社会保険料控除, Shakai Hokenryo Kojo)
Medical Expense Deduction (医療費控除, Iryohi Kojo)
Dependent Deduction (扶養控除, Fuyo Kojo)
And more…
Step 3: Arrive at Your Taxable Income
The result of Gross Income minus Income Deductions is your Taxable Income (課税所得, Kazei Shotoku).
Taxable Income = Gross Income - Income Deductions
Step 4: Apply the Tax Rate
Resident Tax consists of two components applied to residents:
Per Capita Rate (均等割, Kintōwari)
This is a fixed, flat fee applied equally to all residents regardless of their income level (above a minimum threshold). It’s typically around ¥5,000 – ¥6,000 per year (¥3,500 Prefectural, ¥1,500 Municipal, though this can vary slightly by location and temporary surcharges). This is a small, base amount.
Income Rate (所得割, Shotokuwari)
This is the main part of the tax, calculated based on your Taxable Income from Step 3. The standard rate is typically 10% (6% Prefectural, 4% Municipal) applied to your Taxable Income. Note that this is generally a flat rate *on the taxable income base*, unlike the national income tax which has progressive rates.
Income-based Tax = Taxable Income × Standard Tax Rate (typically 10%)
Your total Resident Tax is the sum of the Per Capita Rate and the Income Rate.
Total Resident Tax = Per Capita Rate + Income Rate
Taking advantage of eligible deductions can significantly reduce your Resident Tax burden. Here are some of the most common ones relevant to expats:
Basic Deduction (基礎控除)
A fixed amount subtracted from everyone’s income, provided their total income is below certain thresholds. The amount can vary slightly based on your income level but is a standard deduction most people can claim.
Employment Income Deduction (給与所得控除)
This is an automatic deduction for employees, meant to account for expenses related to working. The amount is calculated based on your gross employment income and is often automatically applied by your employer or during your tax filing.
Social Insurance Premiums Deduction (社会保険料控除)
Premiums paid for Japanese social insurance (health insurance, pension contributions like厚生年金 – Kosei Nenkin or 国民年金 – Kokumin Nenkin) are fully deductible from your income for tax purposes. This is a significant deduction for most employed expats.
Medical Expense Deduction (医療費控除)
If your total medical expenses for the household in a year exceed a certain amount (generally ¥100,000 or 5% of your total income, whichever is lower), you can deduct the excess amount (up to ¥2 million). Keep all your receipts!
Dependent Deduction (扶養控除)
You can claim deductions for qualifying dependents (spouse, children, parents) who meet certain income and age requirements, provided they reside with you or send regular remittances if living overseas. This is particularly relevant for expats with families.
Other Potential Deductions
Donations (including Furusato Nouzei – ふるさと納税), life insurance premiums, earthquake insurance premiums, and certain housing loan deductions can also potentially reduce your taxable income for Resident Tax calculation.
When and How Do You Pay Resident Tax?
Understanding the timeline and payment methods is key to managing your Resident Tax obligations.
The Tax Year vs. Payment Year
As mentioned, Resident Tax is based on your income from the *previous* calendar year (Jan 1 – Dec 31). However, the payment cycle for this tax runs from June of the current year to May of the following year.
Payment Methods: Special Collection vs. Ordinary Collection
How you pay depends primarily on your employment status:
Special Collection (給与からの特別徴収, Kyūyo kara no Tokubetsu Chōshū)
This is the most common method for company employees. Your employer calculates your Resident Tax liability and automatically deducts it from your monthly salary over 12 installments (June to May). They then pay this amount to your local municipality on your behalf. This is convenient as it happens automatically.
Ordinary Collection (普通徴収, Futsū Chōshū)
If you are self-employed, retired, or your employer doesn’t handle special collection, you will likely receive tax bills directly from your local municipality. These bills usually arrive in June and can be paid in a lump sum or in four installments (typically end of June, August, October, and January of the following year). You are responsible for making these payments yourself via bank transfer, convenience store payment, or other methods specified on the bill.
Deadlines to Remember
For Special Collection, payments are automatic monthly deductions (June-May). For Ordinary Collection, be mindful of the four installment deadlines listed on your tax bills. Missing a deadline can result in late fees.
Resident Tax (Juminzei) is a local tax for prefectures and municipalities.
It’s based on your income from the previous calendar year (Jan 1 – Dec 31).
Liability is determined by your residence status on January 1st.
Calculated based on Taxable Income (Gross Income minus Deductions).
Consists of a small Per Capita Rate and a larger Income Rate (usually 10% on taxable income).
Key deductions (Basic, Employment, Social Insurance, Medical) reduce your taxable income.
Paid via Special Collection (monthly salary deduction, June-May) or Ordinary Collection (quarterly bills, typically June, Aug, Oct, Jan).
FAQs about Resident Tax in Japan
Is Resident Tax the same as Income Tax in Japan?
No, they are different. National Income Tax (所得税, Shotokuzei) is paid to the national government based on progressive tax rates applied to your current year’s income (often through monthly withholding). Resident Tax (Juminzei) is paid to your local municipality and prefecture based on your *previous* year’s income, generally at a fixed rate on taxable income, plus a small per capita fee. Understanding the distinction is key for expats.
When do I start paying Resident Tax after arriving in Japan?
You start paying Resident Tax based on your income from the *first full calendar year* (Jan 1 to Dec 31) in which you are a resident as of January 1st. For example, if you arrive in April 2023, you weren’t here on Jan 1, 2023, so you won’t pay Resident Tax based on 2022 income. You *were* here on Jan 1, 2024, so you will start paying Resident Tax based on your 2023 income, with payments typically beginning in June 2024.
Can I reduce my Resident Tax amount?
Yes, the primary way to reduce your Resident Tax is by claiming eligible income deductions. Ensuring all applicable deductions like the basic deduction, social insurance premiums, medical expenses, and dependent deductions are properly accounted for in your tax filing or year-end adjustment will lower your taxable income, thereby reducing the income-based portion of your juminzei calculation.
What happens if I leave Japan before the tax year ends?
If you leave Japan permanently and cease to be a resident before January 1st of the following year, you generally will not be liable for Resident Tax for the tax year that starts in June based on the income from the year you leave. However, depending on when you leave, you may still need to pay any outstanding Resident Tax from previous years or appoint a tax representative (納税管理人, Nozei Kanrinin) to handle your tax obligations, including potentially filing a final tax return and paying taxes on income earned up to your departure date.
Where can I find my Resident Tax calculation details?
If you pay via Special Collection, your employer should provide you with a document (usually around June) detailing the annual amount and monthly deductions. If you pay via Ordinary Collection, you will receive a tax notice (納税通知書, Nozei Tsūchisho) in June from your local municipality that shows the total amount, the breakdown between prefectural and municipal tax, and usually includes details about how the amount was calculated based on your previous year’s income and applied deductions. This is where you can see the specifics of your how to calculate resident tax Japan result.
Conclusion
Understanding how your Resident Tax is calculated in Japan is a key step towards managing your finances as an expat. While the system might seem daunting at first, remember that it’s fundamentally based on your previous year’s income minus eligible deductions. Knowing the calculation steps, the importance of the January 1st date, and your payment method (Special vs. Ordinary Collection) empowers you to navigate this part of the Japanese tax system with more confidence.
Don’t let Juminzei be a source of stress. By familiarizing yourself with the basics outlined in this guide, you’re well on your way to understanding your obligations. If your financial situation is complex or you have specific questions about deductions, don’t hesitate to seek professional advice tailored to expats. Taking proactive steps now can save you confusion and potential issues down the line.
Still have questions about your specific Japan Resident Tax situation? Get in touch with a qualified tax advisor specializing in expat taxes in Japan for personalized support. Find expat tax help here.
Was this guide helpful in understanding your Japan Resident Tax? Let us know in the comments! What was the most confusing part of Juminzei for you before reading this? Share this article with other expats who might benefit!
References
Please note that tax regulations can change. Always refer to official sources or consult a qualified professional for definitive advice.
Various expat resource websites and international accounting firm guides on Japan tax for foreigners.
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How to get pension exemption in Japan?
Nenkin Exemption Japan: Get Your Pension Payment Waived
Welcome, expats living and working in Japan! Navigating the administrative side of life here, especially finances, can sometimes feel overwhelming. One aspect that often raises questions is the mandatory National Pension system, known as Kokumin Nenkin (国民年金). While contributing is essential for your future and eligibility for various benefits, sometimes financial circumstances make paying the monthly fee a challenge. The good news? Japan has a system in place called Nenkin exemption (or pension waiver) that can provide much-needed relief. This guide is specifically for you, the expat community, to understand how to navigate this process.
In this post, we’ll break down everything you need to know about getting a nenkin exemption in Japan. We’ll cover who is eligible, the different types of waivers available, the step-by-step application process, required documents, and the potential impact on your future. Our goal is to make this complex topic easy to understand and empower you to take the right steps if you’re facing financial difficulty. Let’s dive in!
Understanding the Japan National Pension System
First, a quick recap. The Japan National Pension (Kokumin Nenkin) is a mandatory social insurance system. Generally, all residents aged 20 to 60 must contribute, regardless of nationality. These contributions are the basis for receiving a basic pension (kiso nenkin) in retirement. It also provides coverage in case of disability or death, offering disability pensions or survivor pensions to eligible individuals or their families.
For company employees, your pension contributions are usually handled automatically through your employer as part of the Employees’ Pension Insurance (Kosei Nenkin), which includes the basic Kokumin Nenkin. However, if you are self-employed, a student, unemployed, or in certain other situations, you are likely enrolled directly in the Kokumin Nenkin system and receive monthly bills you need to pay yourself.
What is Nenkin Exemption (Pension Waiver)?
Nenkin exemption is a formal system that allows individuals facing financial hardship to have their mandatory National Pension contributions reduced or waived entirely for a specific period. It is *not* the same as simply not paying your bills. Applying for and receiving an exemption ensures that your period of non-payment is officially recognized, offering several key benefits compared to simply defaulting on payments (which we’ll discuss later).
The system recognizes that life can bring unexpected challenges – job loss, illness, low income, or being a student with limited funds. The goal of the waiver system is to maintain your connection to the pension system and allow you to continue accumulating contribution periods, even when you can’t afford the full payment.
Who is Eligible for Nenkin Exemption?
Eligibility for Japan pension waiver for foreigners and Japanese citizens alike is primarily based on income and specific life circumstances. The criteria are set by the Japan Pension Service (Nihon Nenkin Kikou). Here are the main categories that often qualify:
Low Income or Unemployment
This is the most common reason for eligibility. If your previous year’s *annual income* falls below a certain threshold, you may be eligible for a full or partial exemption. The exact threshold depends on the number of dependents in your household. This applies if you are self-employed, unemployed, or working part-time with income below the minimum threshold for mandatory employee insurance.
If you’ve recently lost your job and are receiving unemployment benefits, you may also be eligible, often under slightly different conditions that consider your current lack of income.
Students
Japan has a special system called the “Special Payment System for Students” (Gakusei Tokurei Seido). If you are enrolled in an eligible educational institution and are under 60, you can apply to have your pension payments deferred. This isn’t a full waiver initially, but defers payment until a later date, allowing you to focus on your studies. While deferred, the period is still counted towards your eligibility for disability or survivor pensions, but you would need to pay the deferred amounts later to have them counted towards your retirement pension amount.
Youth (Under 30)
For individuals under 30 who are not students but are facing financial difficulty, there’s a “Special Payment System for Youth” (Wakamono Nofu Yuyo Seido). Similar to the student system, this allows you to defer payments, offering temporary relief while maintaining certain pension rights.
Disaster or Hardship
In cases of natural disaster, significant illness, injury, or other unavoidable circumstances causing severe financial hardship, you may also be eligible for an exemption.
Key Insight for Expats: The eligibility criteria apply equally to foreign residents who are mandatory contributors to the National Pension. Your nationality does not prevent you from applying for or receiving a nenkin exemption if you meet the income or status requirements.
Need help determining your eligibility? While this guide provides general information, your specific situation and income thresholds can vary. The best next step is to consult the official resources or visit your local office.
Types of Nenkin Exemption Available
The exemption isn’t always an all-or-nothing situation. Depending on your income level and household situation, you may qualify for different levels of waiver:
Full Exemption (全額免除 – Zen’gaku Menjo): Your payment is reduced to ¥0 for the approved period. The full period is counted towards the required contribution period for receiving a basic pension and qualifies you for disability/survivor pensions. However, the amount of future basic pension you receive will be reduced by half for the period exempted.
Partial Exemption (一部免除 – Ichibu Menjo): You pay a reduced amount (e.g., 1/4, 1/2, or 3/4 of the standard fee). The contribution period is counted, and your future basic pension amount is adjusted based on the portion you paid and the portion exempted.
Payment Deferral (納付猶予 – Nofu Yuyo): This applies mainly to the Student and Youth systems. You don’t pay the contribution during the approved period. The period *is* counted for disability/survivor pension eligibility. However, it is *not* counted towards your retirement pension amount *unless* you choose to pay the deferred amounts later (within 10 years).
Choosing the right type, or understanding which one you qualify for, is crucial. Even partial payment is better for your future pension amount than a full exemption, assuming you can afford it.
The Application Process: Step-by-Step
Wondering how to apply for nenkin exemption? The process generally involves your local municipal office (ward office or city hall) and the Japan Pension Service.
Identify Your Office: Go to the National Pension section of your local ward office (kuyakusho) or city hall (shiyakusho).
Obtain the Application Form: Ask for the “Application for National Pension Contribution Exemption/Payment Postponement” (国民年金保険料免除・納付猶予申請書 – Kokumin Nenkin Hokenryo Menjo/Nofu Yuyo Shinseisho). These forms are primarily in Japanese. It’s highly recommended to bring a Japanese-speaking friend, colleague, or translator if your Japanese is not strong.
Fill Out the Form: Provide details about yourself, your household (spouse’s income is also considered if applicable), and your income situation. Be accurate and honest.
Gather Required Documents: (See next section for details). Have everything ready.
Submit the Application: Hand in the completed form and documents at the office. They may ask you clarifying questions.
Wait for Notification: Your application will be reviewed by the Japan Pension Service. This can take anywhere from a few weeks to a couple of months. You will receive an official notification by mail stating whether your application was approved, the period of exemption/deferral, and the type (full, partial, or deferral).
You can usually apply for exemption for the current fiscal year (April to March) and often retroactively for periods within the last 2 years. If your situation changes significantly during the year (e.g., you lose your job), you can apply mid-year.
What Documents Do You Need?
While requirements can vary slightly depending on your specific situation and local office, here are the common documents for pension exemption Japan:
Your National Pension Handbook (年金手帳 – Nenkin Techo) or any document showing your basic pension number.
Proof of identity (Residence Card, passport, etc.).
Your Residence Certificate (住民票 – Jyuminhyo) – though sometimes the office can access this internally.
Documents proving your income/financial situation:
If low income/unemployed: Tax documents from the previous year (e.g., Tax Payment Certificate – 納税証明書 – Nozei Shomeisho, or Tax Exemption Certificate – 課税証明書/非課税証明書 – Kazei Shomeisho/Hikazei Shomeisho). If recently unemployed, proof of job separation and eligibility for unemployment benefits.
If student: Your Student ID (学生証 – Gakuseisho) or enrollment certificate.
If other hardship: Documents supporting your situation (e.g., medical certificate, disaster victim certificate).
(If applicable) Documents related to your spouse’s income.
It’s always wise to check your local ward office’s website or call them in advance to confirm the exact documents required for your situation. Bringing originals and copies is usually a good practice.
Benefits and Drawbacks of Getting an Exemption
Getting a nenkin exemption is a formal process with pros and cons compared to simply not paying.
Benefits:
Financial Relief: The most immediate benefit is freeing up funds when you are facing hardship.
Maintains Contribution Period: Crucially, exempted periods are counted towards the minimum 10 years needed to be eligible for a basic pension upon retirement. Simply not paying does NOT count these periods.
Eligibility for Disability/Survivor Pensions: If you become disabled or pass away during the exempted period, you (or your family) may still be eligible for the respective pension payments, provided you meet certain contribution criteria before the exemption. If you just didn’t pay, you lose this coverage.
Avoids Penalties: Applying for and receiving an exemption means you avoid late fees, reminder notices, and potential forced collection actions that can occur if you simply ignore the bills.
Drawbacks:
Lower Future Pension Amount: While exempted periods count towards eligibility, they typically result in a lower monthly *basic pension* payment in retirement compared to paying the full contribution. Full exemption reduces the future pension amount for that period by half (for the basic pension portion). Payment deferral periods don’t count towards the retirement amount unless paid later.
Need to Reapply: Exemptions are usually granted for one fiscal year (April-March) or less. You generally need to reapply annually or when your situation requires it.
Unique Perspective: For expats, maintaining your contribution period through exemption can be vital. Even if you don’t plan to retire in Japan, the system allows for a “Lump-sum Withdrawal Payment” if you leave Japan permanently after contributing for at least 6 months (though the maximum payout period is 5 years). Having approved exemption periods counts towards the *total period* required for eligibility for this lump sum, even if those specific exempted months don’t increase the payout amount itself. It’s significantly better than having gaps due to non-payment.
After the Exemption: What You Need to Know
Once your application is approved, you will receive an official notification. Keep this document safe!
Exemption Period: Note the start and end dates of your approved exemption or deferral period.
Reapplication: If your financial situation doesn’t improve by the end of the period, remember to reapply before the next fiscal year (usually starting April 1st) or when prompted.
Change in Circumstances: If your income significantly increases during the exempted period, you are technically supposed to notify the Pension Service, though many people wait until the next application cycle.
Catch-Up Payments (追納 – Tsuino): You have the option to pay the exempted or deferred amounts within 10 years of the exemption/deferral date. Paying these amounts retroactively increases your future basic pension amount to what it would have been had you paid originally. There might be a small interest added after a certain period (usually the third year).
Receiving an exemption is a temporary measure. Planning for how you will handle your pension contributions once your situation improves, potentially by utilizing the catch-up payment system, is a wise financial strategy for maximizing your future benefits.
Considering catch-up payments or have questions about your future pension? While this guide covers exemptions, planning for retirement in Japan can be complex. Consider seeking professional financial advice tailored to expats.
Quick Takeaways
Nenkin Exemption is a formal process to reduce or waive National Pension payments for those facing financial hardship.
Eligibility is primarily based on low income, student status, or unemployment, applying to expats just like Japanese citizens.
There are types like Full Exemption, Partial Exemption, and Payment Deferral (for students/youth).
Apply at your local ward office (kuyakusho) or city hall (shiyakusho) with required documents like income proof and pension handbook.
Exemption helps maintain your contribution period and eligibility for disability/survivor pensions, unlike simply not paying.
The main drawback is potentially lower future pension payment upon retirement compared to full contribution.
You can often apply retroactively (up to 2 years) and have the option to pay exempted amounts later to boost your future pension.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can I get a Japan pension waiver for foreigners if I just arrived and have no income?
Yes, if you are newly arrived, over 20, and have no income or very low income in Japan, you are likely eligible based on the low-income criteria. You’ll need to apply at your local ward office and provide documentation showing your current financial status or lack thereof.
How does partial exemption affect my future pension payment?
Partial exemption means you pay a percentage (e.g., 1/4, 1/2, 3/4) of the standard contribution. The portion you pay contributes fully to your future pension amount. The exempted portion counts towards your contribution period (for eligibility), but the exempted part reduces the amount of the future basic pension proportionate to the waiver percentage.
Is applying for nenkin exemption mandatory if I can’t pay?
No, applying is not mandatory, but it is highly recommended. Simply not paying leads to penalties, potentially forced collection, and means those months do not count towards your pension eligibility or benefits like disability/survivor coverage. Applying for exemption is the proper legal way to handle inability to pay.
How long does it take to hear back after I apply for nenkin exemption?
The processing time varies, but it typically takes 1 to 3 months to receive the official notification by mail from the Japan Pension Service (Nihon Nenkin Kikou). Be patient and make sure your registered address is correct.
Can I apply for exemption for past periods I didn’t pay?
Yes, you can generally apply for retroactive exemption for periods within the last 2 years and 1 month. You’ll need to provide income documentation for those specific periods.
Conclusion
Dealing with mandatory payments like the National Pension when your finances are tight is stressful. However, ignoring your pension bills is rarely the best solution in Japan. The nenkin exemption system exists precisely to help individuals like you navigate these challenges without losing crucial pension coverage and eligibility.
By understanding the eligibility criteria, knowing the application process, and being aware of the benefits (like maintaining your contribution period and eligibility for disability/survivor pensions) and drawbacks (like a potentially lower future pension amount), you can make an informed decision. Taking the proactive step to apply for a pension waiver is a responsible way to manage your financial situation in Japan while staying connected to the vital social security system.
Don’t let financial difficulties lead to larger problems down the road. If you are struggling to pay your National Pension contributions, explore the possibility of getting a nenkin exemption.
Ready to take the next step? Visit your local ward office or city hall’s National Pension section, or check the official Japan Pension Service website for detailed information and forms. Don’t hesitate to ask for assistance if needed!
Note: Official forms and the most detailed, up-to-date information are primarily available in Japanese. The English links provide an overview.
Found this guide helpful? We’d love to hear from you! Share your experience navigating the Nenkin exemption process in the comments below. What was your biggest challenge?
Please share this article with other expats who might benefit from understanding the nenkin exemption in Japan!
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All about Japan’s Family Registry : Koseki Shohon and Koseki Tohon
Japan’s Family Registry: Koseki Guide for Expats
Navigating life as an expat in Japan is exciting, full of new experiences and cultural discoveries. But alongside the fun comes the occasional dive into Japanese bureaucracy. One fundamental system you might encounter, especially if you plan major life events here, is Japan’s Family Registry, known as the Koseki (戸籍). It’s a core record-keeping system that differs significantly from those in many other countries. Understanding the Koseki, and specifically documents like the Koseki Shohon and Koseki Tohon, is essential for various procedures, from registering a marriage or child to dealing with inheritance or even certain visa matters.
If you’re an expat worker in Japan, you might wonder why this matters to you. While non-Japanese residents don’t *have* their own Koseki, it becomes highly relevant if you marry a Japanese national, have children in Japan, or need to prove relationships for legal purposes here. This guide is designed to demystify the Koseki system for you. We’ll break down what it is, explain the difference between Koseki Shohon and Koseki Tohon, tell you what information they contain, cover why they might be important for your life in Japan, and guide you on how to obtain them.
Understanding Japan’s Family Registry (Koseki)
At its heart, the Koseki is Japan’s official system for registering and documenting the identity and family relationships of its citizens. Think of it less like a birth certificate or marriage license in isolation, and more like a comprehensive family record kept by the government. Every Japanese citizen is part of a Koseki entry, typically centered around a married couple and their unmarried children.
What Exactly Is a Koseki?
The Koseki is a registered record maintained by the local government (usually the ward, city, town, or village office – shakusho 役所 or kuyakusho 区役所) of the head of the family’s permanent domicile (honseki-chi 本籍地). This permanent domicile can technically be anywhere in Japan, regardless of where the family actually lives. The Koseki records vital information such as births, deaths, marriages, divorces, adoptions, and parent-child relationships for all individuals listed within that specific family unit.
A Brief History & Its Significance
The modern Koseki system has roots stretching back centuries, evolving significantly over time. Its current form was largely established after World War II, moving away from a system that heavily emphasized the patriarchal “household” (ie 家) to one focused more on nuclear families and individuals. Despite this shift, the Koseki remains a cornerstone of Japanese society and its legal system. It serves as the primary legal proof of a person’s citizenship, identity, and familial ties within Japan. This is why understanding its function is vital when dealing with any official procedures that require verifying your identity or relationships here.
While this system is unique to Japan, grasping its fundamental role helps unlock many administrative processes you might encounter as an expat. It’s the official narrative of a Japanese family’s key life events, legally recognized across the country.
Koseki Tohon vs. Koseki Shohon: Knowing the Difference
When you need a copy of a Koseki record, you’ll almost always be asked for either a Koseki Tohon or a Koseki Shohon. These are simply different types of certified copies of the original Koseki register. While often confused, the distinction is quite important depending on what you need the document for.
Koseki Tohon (全部事項証明) – The Full Picture
A Koseki Tohon, literally translated as “full matters certificate” or “all recorded matters certificate,” is a complete certified copy of an entire Koseki register. This document will list *everyone* who is currently or has ever been registered under that specific Koseki heading. It includes the current members of the family unit, as well as notes about individuals who have left the Koseki (e.g., due to marriage and starting a new Koseki, death, or transfer to another Koseki). It provides a comprehensive history of that particular family unit’s registration details.
Koseki Shohon (個人事項証明) – Your Specific Entry
A Koseki Shohon, or “personal matters certificate,” is a certified copy of *only* the entry for a specific individual or selected individuals within a Koseki. It contains the same type of detailed information (birth, marriage, etc.) but is limited to the person(s) requested, rather than showing the entire family unit’s history. Think of the Tohon as a group photo and the Shohon as a portrait of just one person from that group, pulled from the same original picture.
When to Use Which Document
Generally, a Koseki Tohon is required when you need to prove the relationship between multiple people listed on the same Koseki, or when a full history of the family unit is necessary. This is often the case for inheritance procedures or when registering a child, as it shows the parents’ details and the child’s addition. A Koseki Shohon is typically sufficient when you only need to prove the identity and status (birth, marriage, etc.) of a single individual. For example, you might use a Koseki Shohon for a visa application or to register for a pension, where only *your* details from the Koseki are relevant. Always check the specific requirements of the institution requesting the document!
What Information Does Your Koseki Contain?
The Koseki is a detailed record, packed with specific information about the individuals listed. Understanding what’s inside can help you interpret the documents when you obtain them.
Key Details Recorded
For each person registered in the Koseki, the entry will typically include:
Name: The legal name in Kanji and Kana.
Date of Birth: Recorded using the Japanese calendar system (e.g., Showa, Heisei, Reiwa).
Relationship to the Head of the Koseki: Clearly stating if the person is the head, spouse, child, etc.
Date and Cause of Entry: When and why they were added to this Koseki (e.g., by birth, marriage, transfer).
Details of Parents: Names of the legal parents.
Details of Spouse: Name of the spouse and date of marriage.
Details of Children: Names and birth dates of unmarried children.
Permanent Domicile (Honseki-chi): The address registered as the Koseki’s location.
Record of Changes: Notes on significant life events like marriage, divorce, adoption, death, or leaving the Koseki.
How Family Structure is Represented
The Koseki groups individuals into family units, primarily focusing on married couples and their children. When a couple marries, they typically establish a new Koseki or one spouse joins the other’s existing Koseki. Unmarried children are registered in their parents’ Koseki. When a child marries, they usually leave their parents’ Koseki and start a new one with their spouse. This system means that a Koseki Tohon shows the active members of a family unit and annotations about those who have departed, painting a picture of the family’s legal structure over time according to the registry [1].
For expats navigating this, especially if you marry a Japanese national, you’ll see how *your* information (as the non-Japanese spouse) will be recorded in the “Remarks” or “Notes” section of your Japanese spouse’s Koseki, even though you won’t have your own entry within the main body of the Koseki record itself. This is a key point of difference often relevant to expats.
Why Koseki Documents Matter for Expats in Japan
You might be thinking, “If I don’t have a Koseki, why do I need to understand this?” Good question! The Koseki becomes highly relevant for expats primarily through their connections with Japanese nationals or when interacting with systems deeply tied to the Koseki structure.
Use Cases: From Visas to Life Events
While a Certificate of Residence (Juminhyo) is your main document as a foreign resident, Koseki documents are crucial if you are involved in a family unit with Japanese citizens. Here are some common scenarios where you or your Japanese spouse/partner might need Koseki Shohon or Koseki Tohon:
Marriage Registration: If you marry a Japanese national, their Koseki must be updated to reflect the marriage. A Koseki Tohon showing the new status will be required for various follow-up procedures, sometimes even for your visa renewal if the marriage impacts your status.
Childbirth Registration: When a child is born in Japan to a Japanese parent, the birth is registered in the Japanese parent’s Koseki. A Koseki Tohon or Shohon showing the child’s addition is needed for applying for the child’s passport, various subsidies, and sometimes for the non-Japanese parent’s visa process.
Inheritance Procedures: If your Japanese spouse or their family member passes away, Koseki Tohon documents are essential for proving relationships between heirs during inheritance proceedings [2]. Multiple generations’ Koseki records (called Joseki Tohon or Kaisei-Gen Koseki if records have been transferred or updated significantly) might be required to trace lineage.
Name Changes: If a Japanese spouse changes their surname due to marriage or divorce, the updated Koseki Shohon or Tohon serves as legal proof.
Applying for Certain Pensions or Benefits: Some social security procedures might require proof of family relationships via the Koseki.
Proof of Relationship for Visa Purposes: Although less common now than in the past, some immigration procedures might request Koseki documents to prove your Japanese spouse’s identity and your marital connection.
How Koseki Impacts Your Life Here
Even if you never personally handle a Koseki document, the system underpins many processes your Japanese family members go through. Your information (name, nationality, date of birth, marriage date) will be added to your Japanese spouse’s Koseki, though you won’t have your own full entry like a Japanese citizen. When you need official proof of your marriage or your child’s relationship to their Japanese parent, the Koseki Shohon or Tohon of the Japanese family member is the document that contains this crucial information. Therefore, understanding what these documents are and how to obtain them empowers you to navigate these shared administrative hurdles more effectively.
Need assistance with documents for a major life event in Japan?Get Free Consultation
How to Obtain Your Koseki Shohon or Tohon
Obtaining these documents is a standard administrative process in Japan. Here’s a general guide on how to get a copy of a Koseki Shohon or Tohon.
Who Can Apply?
Generally, you can apply for a Koseki Shohon or Tohon if you are:
Listed on the Koseki itself (this applies to Japanese nationals).
The spouse or direct relative (parent, grandparent, child, grandchild) of someone listed on the Koseki. This means a non-Japanese spouse of a Japanese national can apply for their spouse’s Koseki Shohon or Tohon.
A legal representative acting on behalf of someone who can apply (e.g., lawyer, administrative scrivener – gyosei shoshi 行政書士).
Someone who needs the document for a legitimate, legally-defined purpose (e.g., a creditor with a court order), although this is less common for typical expat needs.
Where to Apply?
You must apply at the local government office that holds the Koseki registration. This is the ward, city, town, or village office (shakusho or kuyakusho) of the permanent domicile (honseki-chi) of the Koseki holder, *not* necessarily where they currently live. You can apply:
In Person: Go directly to the counter at the relevant municipal office.
By Mail: Most municipalities allow applications by mail. You’ll need to download the application form from their website, enclose copies of identification, proof of relationship (if applying for someone else), a self-addressed stamped envelope, and the required fee in the form of a postal money order (teigaku kawase 定額小為替).
Online/Convenience Store (Limited): Some municipalities participate in systems that allow Japanese citizens to obtain certain certificates, including Koseki Shohon/Tohon, from convenience stores using their My Number Card. Availability varies by municipality and certificate type [3].
Applying by mail is often convenient if the honseki-chi is far from where you live. Remember to check the specific municipality’s website for their exact procedures and required documents.
The Application Process Step-by-Step
What to Bring (In-Person Application):
Application Form: Available at the counter or downloadable online. You’ll need to know the honseki-chi and the name of the Koseki head.
Proof of Identity: Residence Card (Zairyu Card), driver’s license, or passport.
Proof of Relationship: If you are applying for a family member and you are not listed on that specific Koseki (e.g., applying for your spouse’s Koseki from a different Koseki), you might need to show your own Koseki or other documents proving your relationship. However, if you are listed in the Remarks section of your Japanese spouse’s Koseki, showing your ID and knowing their information is usually sufficient.
Seal (Hanko) or Signature: While digital signatures are becoming more common, a physical seal or signature is usually required on the application form.
Fee: Cash to pay the required fee.
Fees Involved:
The standard fee for a Koseki Tohon or Koseki Shohon is typically 450 yen per copy. This fee can be paid in cash at the municipal office counter or via postal money order for mail applications. Always confirm the exact fee with the relevant municipal office.
The process is usually straightforward, but language barriers can be a challenge. Bringing a Japanese-speaking friend or using a translation app can be helpful if your Japanese isn’t strong. Knowing the correct honseki-chi is the most critical piece of information you need before starting the process.
Got questions about applying for Koseki documents?Ask an Expert
Navigating Family Registration for Non-Japanese Residents
This is a point of common confusion for expats. Let’s clarify your status within Japan’s registration systems.
Can Non-Japanese Have a Koseki? (Spoiler: No)
No, the Koseki system is exclusively for Japanese citizens. As a foreign resident in Japan, you do not have your own Koseki entry, nor can you be the head of a Koseki. Your legal presence and information in Japan are primarily recorded through your Residence Card (Zairyu Card) and your Certificate of Residence (Juminhyo).
Related Concepts & Necessary Documents
Even without a Koseki, your information is vital for official records, especially if you have a Japanese family. When you marry a Japanese national or have a child with them in Japan, your details (name, nationality, birth date, etc.) will be added to the “Remarks” section of your Japanese spouse’s Koseki record. This is how your connection to their family is officially noted in the Koseki system.
For most administrative purposes as an expat, your key document will be the Certificate of Residence (Juminhyo 住民票). The Juminhyo lists everyone residing at a specific address, including both Japanese nationals and foreign residents. It contains information like names, dates of birth, gender, nationalities, and residency status. While the Koseki proves Japanese citizenship and family lineage, the Juminhyo proves residency at a particular address for both Japanese and non-Japanese residents. You will need your Juminhyo for things like opening bank accounts, signing rental agreements, enrolling children in school, or changing your address.
In summary, while you won’t have a Koseki, you will interact with it indirectly via your Japanese family, and you will rely heavily on your Juminhyo for personal administrative needs as a foreign resident.
Common Challenges and Pro Tips
While obtaining Koseki documents is routine, expats or their Japanese partners might face specific hurdles.
Dealing with Translations
Koseki documents are entirely in Japanese. If you need to submit them for use outside Japan (e.g., for immigration purposes in your home country, or for legal procedures abroad), you will almost certainly need a certified translation. Ensure the translation is done by a reputable service and check if the requesting authority has specific requirements for who can translate it (e.g., a sworn translator, a translation company with specific certifications). Obtaining a reliable translation of Koseki documents can sometimes be complex due to the specific terminology and historical context.
Applications from Abroad
If the Japanese national whose Koseki document is needed is currently overseas, they can typically apply for copies by mail from abroad to the relevant Japanese municipal office [4]. This requires careful preparation of the application form, necessary identification copies, and arranging for international postage and payment methods accepted by the municipality. Alternatively, they might be able to authorize a relative or a legal representative in Japan to apply on their behalf using a Power of Attorney (ininjo 委任状). Getting a Koseki document while living abroad can take significantly longer than applying in person or by mail from within Japan.
Keeping Your Information Updated
Any major life event involving a Japanese national (marriage, divorce, birth, death, adoption) must be reported to the municipal office holding their Koseki to keep the record accurate. While this is the responsibility of the Japanese citizen, as an expat married to one, being aware of this is important. Promptly reporting these events ensures that the Koseki reflects the current reality, which is necessary for obtaining accurate Shohon or Tohon documents later.
Japan’s Family Registry (Koseki) is the official record for Japanese citizens’ identity and family relationships.
A Koseki Tohon is a full copy of a Koseki record, showing all members and their history.
A Koseki Shohon is a copy limited to a specific individual’s entry within the Koseki.
Expats don’t have a Koseki, but it’s relevant if they marry a Japanese national or have children with one.
Your information will appear in the “Remarks” section of your Japanese spouse’s Koseki.
Koseki documents are needed for marriage, childbirth registration, inheritance, and some other official procedures involving Japanese family members.
You obtain Koseki documents from the municipal office of the honseki-chi (permanent domicile), either in person or by mail.
The Certificate of Residence (Juminhyo) is the primary residency document for expats in Japan.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1: Can a foreigner get their own Koseki Shohon or Tohon?
A1: No, the Koseki system is only for Japanese citizens. As a foreigner, you cannot have your own Koseki. Your information, if married to a Japanese national or parent of a Japanese child, is noted in the “Remarks” section of their Koseki.
Q2: What is the main difference between Koseki Shohon and Koseki Tohon?
A2: The Koseki Tohon is a full, certified copy of the entire family’s record within one Koseki register, showing everyone listed and their history. The Koseki Shohon is a certified copy of only a specific individual’s entry from that Koseki.
Q3: Where do I apply to get a copy of a Koseki?
A3: You must apply at the municipal office (ward, city, town, or village hall) of the honseki-chi (permanent domicile) of the Koseki holder, not necessarily where they currently live. Applications can usually be done in person or by mail.
Q4: How much does it cost to get a Koseki Shohon or Tohon?
A4: The standard fee is typically 450 yen per copy for both Koseki Shohon and Koseki Tohon. Fees may vary slightly by municipality, so it’s always best to check with the specific office.
Q5: I’m marrying a Japanese person. Will I be added to their Koseki?
A5: Your marriage will be registered in your Japanese spouse’s Koseki, and your name, nationality, date of birth, and the date of the marriage will be recorded in the “Remarks” section. However, you will not become a formal *member* of the Koseki with your own entry like a Japanese citizen would.
Conclusion
Understanding Japan’s Family Registry, the Koseki system, is an important step for any expat planning to make Japan their long-term home, especially if family ties with Japanese nationals are part of your journey. While you won’t have a Koseki yourself, documents like the Koseki Shohon and Koseki Tohon held by your Japanese spouse or children will be essential for navigating key life events such as marriage registration, childbirth, or dealing with inheritance. These documents serve as the definitive legal record of family relationships and identity for Japanese citizens.
Knowing the difference between a Tohon (the full record) and a Shohon (a partial record), where to apply (the honseki-chi municipal office), and who can apply empowers you to handle necessary administrative procedures more smoothly. While the process is straightforward, potential challenges like translations or applying from overseas require careful attention. Don’t let the unique nature of the Koseki system be a barrier. With the right information, you can confidently obtain the documents you need to successfully manage your personal and family affairs in Japan.
Mastering these bureaucratic steps is part of building a life here. If you find yourself needing specific help or facing a complex situation involving Koseki documents, don’t hesitate to seek professional guidance. Navigating these waters can be much easier with expert support tailored to expat needs.
Did you find this guide helpful? We’d love to hear your thoughts or any experiences you’ve had dealing with Koseki documents in Japan! Share your comments below. If you know other expats who could benefit from this information, please share this article!
References
[1] Ministry of Justice, Japan. “戸籍 (Koseki).” (Simulated source – information derived from general knowledge of Japanese legal system based on MOJ principles).
[2] Legal Affairs Bureau (Homukyoku) Website examples regarding inheritance procedures and required documents. (Simulated source based on typical requirements).
[3] J-LIS (Local Government Information System Center) Information on certificate issuance services at convenience stores. (Simulated source based on existing digital government services).
[4] Example City/Ward Office Website. “戸籍謄本・抄本等の申請方法 (How to apply for Koseki Tohon/Shohon etc.).” (Simulated source based on common municipal application guides).
Note: Specific website URLs are not provided as this is a simulated response. Please refer to official government websites (local municipal offices, Ministry of Justice, etc.) or consult with legal professionals for the most accurate and up-to-date information.
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Employee Benefits in Japan: What you need to know?
Moving to Japan for work is an exciting adventure! You’re probably thinking about your new job, exploring a different culture, and maybe even tackling the language. But there’s also a practical side to settling in: understanding your employee benefits. For expat workers, navigating the Japanese benefits system can seem a little daunting at first. Don’t worry, we’re here to break it down for you in a friendly, easy-to-understand way.
Understanding Employee Benefits in Japan
In Japan, employee benefits, often referred to as fukuri kōsei (福利厚生), are a crucial part of your compensation package. While they might differ slightly from what you’re used to back home, they provide essential support for your health, finances, and work-life balance. Knowing what to expect helps you make the most of your employment.
Key Employee Benefits in Japan
Let’s look at the main benefits you’ll likely encounter:
1. Social Insurance (Shakai Hoken – 社会保険)
This is perhaps the most significant part of your benefits package. Social insurance is mandatory for most full-time employees and covers two main areas:
Health Insurance (Kenko Hoken – 健康保険): This covers a significant portion of your medical expenses, typically 70%. You’ll receive a health insurance card (健康保険証 – Kenko Hoken Sho) which you need to show at hospitals and clinics. Contributions are deducted directly from your salary and matched by your employer.
Pension Insurance (Kōsei Nenkin – 厚生年金): This is the public pension system for private-sector employees. Contributions are also deducted from your salary and matched by your employer. It provides retirement income, as well as disability and survivor benefits. Expats may be eligible for a lump-sum withdrawal payment upon leaving Japan, depending on their situation and years of contribution.
Joining Shakai Hoken is essential. It provides a safety net for health issues and contributes to your future financial security.
2. Labour Insurance (Rōdō Hoken – 労働保険)
This mandatory insurance covers two important areas:
Unemployment Insurance (Koyō Hoken – 雇用保険): Provides temporary financial support if you lose your job under certain conditions. It also covers some training and re-employment support programs.
Workers’ Accident Compensation Insurance (Rōsai Hoken – 労災保険): Covers medical expenses, lost wages, and disability benefits if you are injured or become ill due to work or commuting. The employer covers the full cost of this insurance.
Both Labour Insurances are vital safety nets provided by the government system.
3. Paid Leave (Yukyu Kyuka – 有給休暇)
This is your right to paid time off from work. The amount of paid leave you receive is regulated by law and increases with your length of service. Generally, full-time employees are entitled to 10 days after 6 months of continuous employment, working at least 80% of scheduled workdays. This increases annually up to a maximum of 20 days per year after 6.5 years.
Using your paid leave is important for rest, relaxation, and maintaining a healthy work-life balance. Your employer cannot prevent you from taking your entitled leave, although they can sometimes adjust the timing for business reasons.
4. Other Types of Leave
Beyond paid leave, Japanese law also mandates or often includes other types of leave:
Maternity Leave (Sanzen/Sango Kyuka – 産前産後休暇): Provides leave before and after childbirth.
Childcare Leave (Ikuji Kyugyo – 育児休業): Allows parents (both mothers and fathers) to take extended leave to care for a child.
Family Care Leave (Kaigo Kyugyo – 介護休業): Provides leave to care for a sick or injured family member.
Special Leave: Some companies offer additional leave for marriage, bereavements, or refreshing leave (リフレッシュ休暇 – Refresh Kyuka) after a certain number of years of service.
These different types of leave reflect Japan’s efforts to support employees through various life events.
5. Commuting Allowance (Tsukin Teate – 通勤手当)
Most companies in Japan provide a commuting allowance to cover your transportation costs to and from work. This is usually paid monthly and is often based on the actual cost of your train or bus pass. There might be a maximum limit set by the company.
6. Additional Company-Specific Benefits
Beyond the legally mandated benefits, many companies offer additional perks to attract and retain talent. These can vary widely but might include:
Housing allowances or company housing
Bonuses (often paid twice a year)
Retirement allowances (severance pay)
Company recreation facilities or subsidies for leisure activities
Health checkups (often more comprehensive than the basic legal requirement)
Language training support
These extra benefits depend entirely on your employer and the industry you work in. Be sure to check your employment contract or company handbook for details.
Important Considerations for Expats
As an expat, keep these points in mind:
Understanding Your Payslip: Your monthly payslip (給与明細 – Kyuyo Meisai) will show deductions for social insurance, labour insurance, income tax, and potentially resident tax. Familiarize yourself with these items.
Negotiating Benefits: While core benefits are often standard, some additional benefits or allowances might be negotiable, especially in certain industries or for higher-level positions.
Tax Implications: Some benefits are taxable, while others are not. Your employer’s HR or accounting department can provide clarification.
Language Barrier: Don’t hesitate to ask your HR department for help understanding your benefits, especially if there’s a language barrier. Many companies have resources or bilingual staff to assist expats.
Making the Most of Your Benefits
Understanding and utilizing your employee benefits is key to a comfortable and secure life in Japan. Don’t be afraid to ask questions and ensure you’re enrolled in all the necessary schemes. Your benefits are there to support you!
Navigating employee benefits in a new country can feel like a maze, but hopefully, this guide has made it a little clearer. Japan offers a solid framework of benefits designed to protect and support workers. Take the time to understand what you’re entitled to, and don’t hesitate to seek clarification from your employer.
Ready to take the next step in understanding your working life in Japan?
Who Can Benefit From Unemployment Payments in Japan? (2025 GUIDE)
Thinking about navigating the ins and outs of working life in Japan as an expat? One topic that often comes up, though hopefully not needed, is unemployment benefits. It’s a safety net that can provide crucial support if your job situation changes unexpectedly.
Let’s face it, nobody plans to be unemployed. But understanding the system in Japan is essential for any expat worker. The country has a robust unemployment insurance system, known as Koyo Hoken (雇用保険), designed to provide temporary financial assistance to eligible individuals who lose their jobs.
So, Who Exactly is Eligible for Koyo Hoken Benefits?
This is the million-dollar question! While the system is primarily for workers, not everyone automatically qualifies. Here’s a breakdown of the key eligibility criteria you need to be aware of as an expat:
First and foremost, you must be enrolled in the Koyo Hoken system. How do you know if you are? If you’re working for a company in Japan under a proper employment contract, chances are your employer is contributing to this insurance on your behalf. You can check your payslip for deductions labeled 雇用保険 (Koyo Hoken).
Beyond enrollment, there are other important requirements:
You Must Have Lost Your Job Due to Reasons Other Than Serious Misconduct: If you quit voluntarily without a valid reason, or were fired for serious misconduct (like theft or gross insubordination), you might not be eligible, or the waiting period and benefit duration could be significantly different. Legitimate reasons for job loss typically include company bankruptcy, restructuring, or the end of a fixed-term contract.
You Must Have Worked for a Sufficient Period: This is a critical point. To be eligible for regular benefits, you generally need to have been enrolled in Koyo Hoken for a certain number of months within a specific period before becoming unemployed. As of early 2025, the standard requirement is often having worked and been enrolled for at least 12 months in the two years prior to your unemployment date. However, there can be exceptions, especially if you were laid off due to circumstances like company bankruptcy.
You Must Be Willing and Able to Work: Koyo Hoken is for those actively seeking employment. You must demonstrate that you are looking for a new job and are available to start work immediately. This involves registering at the local Public Employment Security Office, known as Hello Work (ハローワーク).
You Must Be a Legal Resident with a Valid Visa Allowing Work: This is crucial for expats. You need to hold a valid visa that permits you to work in Japan. If your visa status changes or expires, it can affect your eligibility.
Specific Scenarios: Are There Exceptions or Special Cases?
While the general rules apply, there can be nuances:
Fixed-Term Contracts: If your fixed-term contract ends and is not renewed, you are typically eligible for Koyo Hoken benefits, provided you meet the work history requirements.
Voluntary Resignation: As mentioned, voluntarily quitting usually means a waiting period before benefits start, and the benefit duration might be shorter. However, there can be exceptions for “justifiable reasons” for quitting, such as harassment, significant changes to working conditions, or the need to care for a family member. These are evaluated on a case-by-case basis by Hello Work.
Company Bankruptcy/Layoffs: If your company goes bankrupt or you are laid off due to company reasons, you are generally eligible and might have a shorter waiting period.
How Long Can You Receive Benefits and How Much?
The duration and amount of benefits depend on several factors, including:
Your Age: Older workers may be eligible for benefits for a longer period.
Your Length of Koyo Hoken Enrollment: The longer you’ve been enrolled, the longer you can potentially receive benefits.
The Reason for Unemployment: Layoffs or contract non-renewal often lead to longer benefit periods than voluntary resignation without a justifiable reason.
Your Previous Wages: The daily benefit amount is calculated based on your average daily wages over the six months prior to becoming unemployed. There is a maximum daily benefit amount.
The typical benefit duration ranges from 90 days to 360 days. The calculation of the daily benefit can be a bit complex, but Hello Work will provide you with the exact details once you apply.
The Process: What to Do if You Become Unemployed
If you find yourself unemployed and believe you might be eligible, here’s a general outline of the steps to take:
Obtain Necessary Documents from Your Employer: When you leave your job, your employer should provide you with certain documents, including a Certificate of Separation (離職票 – Rishoku-hyo). This document is crucial for your Koyo Hoken claim. Make sure you get this from your company.
Register at Hello Work: Visit your local Hello Work office as soon as possible after becoming unemployed. Bring your Certificate of Separation, your residence card (Zairyu Card), your My Number card (if you have one), and your personal seal (hanko). You will need to formally register as unemployed and seeking work.
Attend Orientation and Job Counseling: Hello Work will likely require you to attend orientation sessions and meet with a counselor. These sessions provide information about the system, job searching resources, and help you plan your job search.
Actively Seek Employment: You will be required to demonstrate that you are actively looking for a job. This usually involves reporting your job search activities to Hello Work at regular intervals (typically every four weeks). Attending interviews, applying for jobs, and participating in Hello Work seminars count as job search activities.
Claim Your Benefits: After a waiting period (which varies depending on the reason for unemployment – often seven days plus an additional period for voluntary resignations), you can start claiming your benefits. This typically involves reporting to Hello Work on designated dates.
Why Understanding Koyo Hoken is Important for Expats
As an expat, navigating administrative procedures in a foreign country can be challenging. Understanding Koyo Hoken is vital because:
It provides a financial safety net during a potentially stressful time.
It helps you understand your rights and responsibilities as a worker in Japan.
Knowing the system allows you to plan better if your employment situation changes.
Don’t wait until you need it to learn about it! Familiarizing yourself with the Koyo Hoken system while you are employed is a smart move.
Final Thoughts (and a quick note on 2025)
The Koyo Hoken system is dynamic and can see minor adjustments year to year. While the core eligibility requirements discussed here are expected to remain largely the same for 2025, it’s always best to get the most up-to-date information directly from official sources like Hello Work. They are the ultimate authority on eligibility and benefit calculations.
Being an expat in Japan is an exciting journey. While thinking about unemployment isn’t the most cheerful topic, being informed is empowering. Koyo Hoken is there to support you if you meet the criteria and are actively seeking your next opportunity.
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Disclaimer: This blog post provides general information based on the Koyo Hoken system as understood for early 2025. Regulations and procedures can change. Always consult official sources like the Public Employment Security Office (Hello Work) or seek professional advice for your specific situation.
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Ready to learn more about protecting yourself financially as an expat in Japan? Understanding systems like Koyo Hoken is just one piece of the puzzle.
What laws should you know before going to Japan? (2025 Updated)
Planning your move to Japan as an expat worker is exciting! You’re probably thinking about visas, finding accommodation, and maybe even which train lines to live near. But just like any new country, Japan has its own set of laws and customs you’ll need to understand to ensure a smooth and hassle-free experience. Knowing these can save you from unexpected situations and help you integrate more easily.
Why Knowing Japanese Laws is Crucial for Expats
Moving to a new country isn’t just about packing your bags; it’s about understanding the local rules. For expat workers in Japan, being aware of key laws related to your visa, work, daily life, and even social etiquette can make a significant difference. It helps you avoid potential legal troubles, ensures you meet your obligations, and allows you to navigate daily life with confidence. Think of it as getting your ‘legal compass’ before you set sail!
Key Laws Expat Workers Should Know in Japan (2025 Updated)
While Japan’s legal system is extensive, here are some of the most important areas expats should familiarize themselves with:
1. Immigration and Visa Laws
Status of Residence (Visa): Your visa defines what you can and cannot do in Japan (e.g., work limitations, length of stay). Ensure you always comply with the conditions of your visa.
Residence Card (Zairyu Card): This is your primary identification document. You are legally required to carry it with you at all times and present it when requested by immigration officers or police.
Re-entry Permit: If you plan to leave Japan temporarily and return, you need to obtain a re-entry permit before you leave. This is crucial to maintain your visa status.
Change of Status/Extension: If your work situation changes or your visa is expiring, you must apply for a change of status or an extension well before your current visa expires.
Notification of Affiliation: If you quit your job or start a new one, you often need to notify the Immigration Bureau within a specific timeframe (usually 14 days).
2. Labor and Employment Laws
Labor Standards Act: This act covers fundamental aspects of employment, including working hours, minimum wage, holiday pay, and dismissal procedures.
Employment Contract: Always have a clear written employment contract outlining your salary, working hours, responsibilities, and contract duration. Understand its terms fully.
Working Hours: Standard working hours are typically 8 hours a day, 40 hours a week. Overtime regulations exist, and employers must pay extra for overtime, late-night, and holiday work.
Paid Leave (Annual Paid Holidays – 有給休暇, yukyu kyuka): Employees are entitled to paid leave after six months of continuous employment, with the number of days increasing with seniority.
Dismissal: Japanese law provides significant protection against unfair dismissal. Employers usually need a valid reason and must follow specific procedures.
Social Insurance (Shakai Hoken): This mandatory system includes health insurance (Kenko Hoken) and pension insurance (Kosei Nenkin). Contributions are typically shared between the employer and employee.
Unemployment Insurance (Koyo Hoken): Another mandatory contribution that provides benefits if you become unemployed.
3. Tax Laws
Income Tax: As a resident worker, you will be subject to Japanese income tax on your worldwide income (though nuances exist based on residency type). Your employer usually withholds income tax (PAYE system).
Residence Tax (Juminzei): This local tax is based on your income from the previous year. It’s typically paid in installments starting in June.
Tax Identification Number (My Number System): Japan uses a unique 12-digit number (My Number) for social security, tax, and disaster response purposes. You’ll need this for various procedures.
Tax Filing (Kakutei Shinkoku): While your employer handles most of your income tax through withholding, you may need to file a final tax return (kakutei shinkoku) if you have other income sources or want to claim certain deductions.
4. Daily Life Laws & Regulations
Alcohol and Driving: Japan has a zero-tolerance policy for drunk driving. It’s strictly prohibited, and penalties are severe for both the driver and anyone who provides alcohol or a vehicle to the driver.
Drug Laws: Japan has extremely strict laws regarding illegal drugs. Even possession of small amounts can lead to lengthy prison sentences. Prescription medications may also have restrictions; check before bringing them into the country.
Waste Disposal: Japan has rigorous trash sorting rules that vary by municipality. Failing to sort and dispose of trash correctly can result in fines. Learn your local area’s rules!
Bicycle Regulations: Bicycles are treated much like vehicles. You must obey traffic signals, ride on the left side of the road, and use lights at night. Cycling while intoxicated is illegal. Registration of your bicycle is also mandatory.
Noise Regulations: Be mindful of noise levels, especially in residential areas, particularly late at night.
Smoking: Smoking is heavily restricted in public places, including many restaurants, bars, and on the street in designated areas. Look for signs.
5. Social Customs and Etiquette (Not Laws, But Important!)
While not legally binding, understanding Japanese social customs is key to a comfortable life and good relationships:
Respect for Hierarchy and Seniors: Important in the workplace and social settings.
Gift Giving: Common in various situations (e.g., visiting someone’s home, after a trip).
Removing Shoes: Always remove your shoes before entering homes, some restaurants, temples, and certain traditional establishments.
Punctuality: Being on time is highly valued.
Silence on Public Transport: Generally expected on trains and buses, especially regarding phone calls.
Tipping: Not customary in Japan.
Staying Informed
Laws can change. It’s essential to stay informed. Reliable sources include:
The official website of the Immigration Services Agency of Japan (ISA)
Local municipal office websites (for trash rules, residence tax, etc.)
Consulting with legal professionals specializing in immigration or labor law.
Conclusion
Moving to Japan as an expat worker is an incredible opportunity. By taking the time to understand the key laws and regulations, you’re not just avoiding potential pitfalls; you’re showing respect for your new home and setting yourself up for a successful and enjoyable experience. This knowledge empowers you to navigate life in Japan confidently and safely.
Ready to make your move to Japan smoother? Understanding your legal obligations is just one piece of the puzzle. For personalized advice on settling in, visa support, and navigating the expat journey, don’t hesitate to reach out!
What is the difference between Shakai Hoken and Kokumin Hoken?
Hey there, fellow expat! Figuring out the Japanese healthcare system can feel like navigating a complex maze. Don’t worry, you’re not alone! Understanding the difference between Shakai Hoken (社会保険) and Kokumin Hoken (国民健康保険) is crucial for your peace of mind and your wallet. Let’s break it down in a way that’s easy to understand.
What is Healthcare in Japan? A Quick Overview
Japan has a universal healthcare system, meaning everyone legally residing in the country is required to have health insurance. This ensures that medical care is accessible and affordable. There are two main types of health insurance:
Shakai Hoken (社会保険): Employees’ Health Insurance
Kokumin Hoken (国民健康保険): National Health Insurance
Shakai Hoken (社会保険): Employees’ Health Insurance
Shakai Hoken is the health insurance provided by your employer. Think of it as the “employee” package. Here’s what you need to know:
Who is Eligible?
Full-time employees and those working at least 3/4 of the hours of a full-time employee at companies enrolled in Shakai Hoken.
Part-time employees may also be eligible, depending on the company’s size and working hours.
Key Features of Shakai Hoken:
Employer Contribution: A significant portion of your health insurance premium is covered by your employer, making it generally more affordable than Kokumin Hoken.
Dependents Coverage: You can enroll your dependents (spouse and children) under your Shakai Hoken policy.
Pension Coverage:Shakai Hoken includes both health insurance and pension (厚生年金, Kōsei Nenkin). This is a huge benefit as it contributes to your future retirement savings.
Work-Related Injury Coverage: Provides compensation for work-related injuries and illnesses (Labor Insurance).
How does Shakai Hoken work?
Your premium is automatically deducted from your paycheck each month. Your employer handles the enrollment and payment process, making it relatively hassle-free for you.
Kokumin Hoken (国民健康保険): National Health Insurance
Kokumin Hoken is the national health insurance system. It’s designed for those who aren’t covered by Shakai Hoken. Think of it as the “safety net” or the health insurance for the self-employed, students, and those not working full-time.
Who is Eligible?
Self-employed individuals
Students
Part-time workers not eligible for Shakai Hoken
Unemployed individuals
Those who have recently left a job and are not yet covered by another insurance plan.
Key Features of Kokumin Hoken:
Individual Responsibility: You are responsible for enrolling in and paying for Kokumin Hoken.
Premium Calculation: The premium is calculated based on your previous year’s income, residence, and the number of family members enrolled.
No Employer Contribution: You pay the entire premium yourself.
No Pension Coverage:Kokumin Hoken only covers health insurance. You’ll need to enroll in the National Pension (国民年金, Kokumin Nenkin) separately.
How does Kokumin Hoken work?
You need to enroll at your local city hall (市役所, Shiyakusho). You’ll receive a payment slip and can pay your premiums at convenience stores, banks, or through direct debit.
Key Differences Summarized: Shakai Hoken vs. Kokumin Hoken
Here’s a table summarizing the key differences:
Feature
Shakai Hoken (Employees’ Health Insurance)
Kokumin Hoken (National Health Insurance)
Eligibility
Full-time and eligible part-time employees
Self-employed, students, unemployed, and those not eligible for Shakai Hoken
Premium Payment
Partially paid by employer, deducted from paycheck
Paid entirely by the individual
Dependents Coverage
Yes
Yes, but affects premium
Pension Coverage
Includes pension (厚生年金)
Does not include pension (separate enrollment required)
Enrollment
Handled by employer
Individual responsibility, done at local city hall
Which One Should You Choose?
If you’re eligible for Shakai Hoken through your employer, it’s generally the better option due to the employer contribution and pension coverage. If you’re not eligible for Shakai Hoken, then Kokumin Hoken is your required option to comply with Japanese law.
Important Considerations
Leaving a Job: When you leave a job covered by Shakai Hoken, you’ll need to either enroll in Kokumin Hoken or continue your Shakai Hoken coverage voluntarily for up to two years (任継, Nin’i Keizoku).
Changing Jobs: If you change jobs and your new employer provides Shakai Hoken, you’ll need to switch your insurance.
Premium Payment: Always ensure you pay your premiums on time to avoid penalties or gaps in coverage.
Understanding the difference between Shakai Hoken and Kokumin Hoken is a key step in navigating life in Japan. This knowledge empowers you to make informed decisions about your health insurance and financial well-being.
Still confused? We can help! Navigating Japanese insurance can be tricky. Get free consultants to explain which option is best for your circumstances.
Comparing Japan National Pension and Japan Employees’ Pension in Japan
Japan Pension: National vs. Employees’
Understanding Japan’s Pension System: National vs. Employees’
Navigating Japan’s pension system as an expat can feel overwhelming. Are you confused about the difference between the National Pension (国民年金, Kokumin Nenkin) and the Employees’ Pension (厚生年金, Kosei Nenkin)? Don’t worry, you’re not alone! Many expats struggle to understand which pension plan they’re enrolled in and what benefits they’re entitled to. This guide will break down the key differences between these two systems, making it easier for you to understand your pension obligations and plan for your future in Japan.
What is the Japan National Pension (国民年金, Kokumin Nenkin)?
The National Pension is a mandatory, basic pension plan for all residents of Japan between the ages of 20 and 59. Think of it as the foundation of Japan’s pension system.
Who is Required to Enroll?
Self-employed individuals
Students
Unemployed individuals
Spouses of those enrolled in the National Pension
Foreign residents aged 20-59 residing in Japan
Contribution Amounts
The National Pension requires a fixed monthly contribution. As of 2024, the contribution amount is ¥16,980 per month. This amount is subject to change annually.
Benefits
The National Pension provides a basic level of pension benefits, including:
Old-age pension (retirement pension)
Disability pension
Survivor’s pension
The amount of your pension benefit depends on the number of years you contributed to the plan. You generally need to contribute for at least 10 years to be eligible for the old-age pension.
What is the Japan Employees’ Pension (厚生年金, Kosei Nenkin)?
The Employees’ Pension is an earnings-related pension plan for employees of companies and organizations. It’s essentially an addition to the National Pension.
Who is Required to Enroll?
Full-time employees
Part-time employees who work at least 3/4 of the hours of a full-time employee
Contribution Amounts
The Employees’ Pension contribution is a percentage of your monthly salary and bonuses. Importantly, your employer pays half of the contribution amount, and you pay the other half. The contribution rate also includes the National Pension portion.
Benefits
The Employees’ Pension provides enhanced pension benefits compared to the National Pension. These benefits include:
Old-age pension (retirement pension): This is higher than the National Pension old-age pension because it is based on your earnings.
Disability pension
Survivor’s pension
Similar to the National Pension, you generally need to contribute for at least 10 years to be eligible for the old-age pension. However, the amount you receive will be significantly higher because it’s based on your salary history.
Key Differences: National Pension vs. Employees’ Pension
Contribution Structure
National Pension: Fixed monthly contribution paid entirely by the individual.
Employees’ Pension: Contribution is a percentage of salary, shared equally between the employee and employer, and includes the National Pension.
Benefit Levels
National Pension: Provides a basic, fixed level of pension benefits.
Employees’ Pension: Provides higher, earnings-related pension benefits, in addition to the National Pension.
Enrollment Requirements
National Pension: Mandatory for all residents aged 20-59 who are not enrolled in the Employees’ Pension.
Employees’ Pension: Mandatory for employees of companies and organizations.
What Happens When You Leave Japan?
If you contributed to the National Pension or Employees’ Pension for more than six months but less than ten years, you may be eligible for a lump-sum withdrawal payment (脱退一時金, Dattai Ichijikin) when you leave Japan. The amount you receive depends on the length of your contributions. You must apply for this payment within two years of leaving Japan.
Conclusion
Understanding the Japan National Pension and Employees’ Pension is crucial for planning your financial future in Japan. Remember that the National Pension is a basic, mandatory plan, while the Employees’ Pension offers enhanced benefits for employees. Knowing which system you’re enrolled in and your contribution history will help you estimate your potential pension benefits and plan for your retirement. Need help understanding your pension situation? Get FREE CONSULTANTS today to help navigate the process!
Japan Pension Lumpsum After Leaving Japan: Expat Guide & Benefits
Japan Pension: Expat Guide & Benefits After Leaving Japan
Japan Pension: A Guide for Expats
Navigating Japan’s Pension System: An Expat’s Guide
Navigating Japan’s pension system as an expat can feel like deciphering a complex code. Are you wondering if you’re even required to contribute? Confused about potential benefits you might be missing out on? Concerned about what happens to your contributions when you leave? You’re not alone! This guide breaks down everything you need to know about Japan’s pension system, helping you understand your obligations and potentially unlocking valuable benefits.
Who Needs to Contribute?
The core of Japan’s pension system, known as National Pension (国民年金, Kokumin Nenkin) and Employees’ Pension Insurance (厚生年金保険, Kosei Nenkin Hoken), is designed to provide financial security during retirement. But who’s actually obligated to participate?
National Pension (Kokumin Nenkin)
This is mandatory for all residents in Japan aged 20 to 59, regardless of nationality, who are not enrolled in Employees’ Pension Insurance. This includes self-employed individuals, students, and those unemployed.
Employees’ Pension Insurance (Kosei Nenkin Hoken)
If you’re employed full-time (or part-time with sufficient hours) at a company in Japan, you’ll automatically be enrolled in this scheme. Both you and your employer contribute, and this insurance covers not just retirement, but also disability and survivor benefits.
How Much Will You Contribute?
The contribution amounts vary depending on the type of pension you’re enrolled in.
National Pension (Kokumin Nenkin)
This is a fixed monthly amount, which is subject to change annually. As of 2024, it’s around ¥16,610 per month. You’ll receive payment slips to make your contributions at convenience stores, banks, or through direct debit.
Employees’ Pension Insurance (Kosei Nenkin Hoken)
Your contribution is a percentage of your monthly salary, which is also subject to change. Typically, it’s roughly 18.3% shared equally between you and your employer. Your contribution is automatically deducted from your paycheck.
What Benefits Can You Receive?
Beyond retirement benefits, Japan’s pension system offers several potential forms of support:
Old-Age Pension (老齢年金, Rorei Nenkin): This is the most common benefit, paid to individuals who have contributed to the pension system for a certain period (usually 10 years) upon reaching retirement age (generally 65).
Disability Pension (障害年金, Shogai Nenkin): If you become disabled due to illness or injury, you may be eligible for this pension, even before retirement age. Eligibility depends on the severity of the disability and your contribution record.
Survivor’s Pension (遺族年金, Izoku Nenkin): In the event of your death, your surviving family members (spouse, children) may be eligible for this pension.
Leaving Japan: What Happens to Your Contributions?
This is a crucial point for many expats! If you’ve contributed to the National Pension or Employees’ Pension Insurance for at least six months but less than 10 years and are leaving Japan, you may be eligible for a Lump-Sum Withdrawal Payment (脱退一時金, Dattai Ichijikin).
How to Apply:
You must apply for this payment within two years of leaving Japan. The process involves submitting an application form to the Japan Pension Service along with required documents.
How Much Can You Get?
The amount you receive depends on your contribution period and average standard monthly remuneration if you are enrolled under the Kosei Nenkin Hoken.
Important Note:
Receiving this payment means you forfeit your right to any future pension benefits based on your contributions in Japan.
Navigating the Application Process: Tips for Expats
Applying for pensions or withdrawal payments can seem daunting, but here are some tips:
Gather Required Documents: Ensure you have your pension book (年金手帳, Nenkin Techo), residence card (在留カード, Zairyu Card), and bank account details ready.
Seek Assistance: Local ward offices (区役所, Kuyakusho) and social insurance offices (社会保険事務所, Shakai Hoken Jimusho) often have staff who can provide guidance. Don’t hesitate to ask for help!
Look For A Pension and Tax Service Agent:
Are you an expat navigating the complexities of Japan’s pension system and tax regulations? When it’s time to claim your pension lump-sum or secure your tax refund, the process can be daunting. That’s where a seasoned expert becomes invaluable. With nearly two decades of dedicated experience, HSB JAPAN stands as a trusted partner for thousands of foreign residents. We specialize in simplifying the intricacies of Japanese pension withdrawals and tax refunds, ensuring you receive your entitled funds efficiently and with complete peace of mind.
Conclusion: Securing Your Future in and from Japan
Understanding Japan’s pension system is essential for every expat residing and working in the country. From contribution obligations to potential benefits and withdrawal options, this guide has provided a roadmap to navigate this complex landscape. By understanding your rights and responsibilities, you can ensure you’re not only meeting your legal obligations but also potentially securing valuable financial benefits for your future.
Japan Cabinet Approves Pension Reform Bill: 1.06 Million Yen Income Cap Set for Debate in Parliament
On May 16, 2025, the Japanese Cabinet approved a bill to partially amend the National Pension Act and related laws, aiming to strengthen the pension system in response to social and economic changes. The bill will now move forward for deliberation in the National Diet.
This proposed reform seeks to address the increasingly diverse range of working styles, lifestyles, and family structures in Japan. Its goal is to enhance the pension system’s ability to ensure income security and stability in old age—for both current and future recipients. Below, we’ll break down the key points of the reform, including the scheduled dates for implementation.
Table of contents
I. Overview of the Pension System Reform Bill and Implementation Dates
Expansion of Social Insurance Coverage (Removal of the 1.06 Million Yen Income Cap)
Revision of the In-Employment Old-Age Pension System
Changes to Survivor’s Pension System
Increase in the Wage Cap Used to Calculate Premiums and Pension Amounts
Revision of the Child Addition Benefit
II- Other Key Revisions
Revisions to the Private Pension System
Changes to the Lump-Sum Withdrawal Payment System
Allowing Deferral of Old-Age Pension for Survivor’s Pension Recipients
Extension of the National Pension Payment Grace Period
Expansion of Eligibility for Voluntary Enrollment in the National Pension for Seniors
Extension of the Deadline to Claim Pension Division at Divorce
I. Overview of the Pension System Reform Bill and Implementation Dates
According to the official website of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the proposed amendments cover a wide range of areas, with the main points outlined as follows:
Expansion of social insurance coverage (removal of the 1.06 million yen income cap)
Revision of the in-employment old-age pension system
Changes to the survivor’s pension system
Increase in the wage cap used to calculate premiums and pension amounts
Revision of the child addition benefit
It’s important to note that each of these changes has a different scheduled implementation date.
Regarding the purpose of the reform, the Ministry explains: “The aim is to strengthen the functions of the pension system in light of social and economic changes by creating a system that is neutral to working styles and gender differences, and responsive to the diversification of lifestyles and family structures. At the same time, the reform seeks to ensure financial stability in old age through enhanced income redistribution and the expansion of private pension systems.”
1. Expansion of Social Insurance Coverage (Removal of the 1.06 Million Yen Income Cap)
The government is reviewing the eligibility requirements for enrollment in Employees’ Pension Insurance and Health Insurance for part-time workers at small and medium-sized enterprises and for those working at sole proprietorships.
Until now, the conditions for part-time and short-hour workers to join social insurance included prescribed weekly working hours, monthly wages of 88,000 yen or more, employment at companies with more than 50 employees, and not being a student.
Under the current revision, these requirements will be simplified.
Specifically, the “wage requirement” (monthly earnings of 88,000 yen or more) will be abolished. This change responds to concerns over the so-called “1.06 million yen annual income barrier.” The timing of enforcement will be decided by a government ordinance within three years after the law is promulgated, based on the situation of regional minimum wage increases across the country.
In other words, once the wage requirement is removed, anyone working 20 hours or more per week will be eligible for social insurance coverage. However, since minimum wages continue to rise, trying to earn less than 88,000 yen per month while working 20 hours or more would mean earning an hourly wage of 1,015 yen or less. Considering ongoing minimum wage increases, this effectively means the wage requirement has already been practically abolished.
Next, the company size requirement will be gradually eliminated. Currently, only part-time workers at companies above a certain size are eligible for social insurance. This will be phased out over 10 years, so that ultimately, part-time workers who work 20 hours or more per week will be covered regardless of their employer’s size.
The eligibility expansion schedule is as follows:
Companies with 36 to 50 employees: from October 2027
Companies with 21 to 35 employees: from October 2029
Companies with 11 to 20 employees: from October 2032
Companies with 10 or fewer employees: from October 2035
Additionally, the scope of sole proprietorships required to enroll in social insurance will be broadened.
Currently, only sole proprietorships employing five or more people in 17 legally designated industries are subject to social insurance. From October 2029, in principle, all sole proprietorships employing five or more people will be subject to coverage, regardless of industry.
However, transitional measures will exclude existing businesses at the time of enforcement in October 2029 for a certain period.
Support measures for newly covered individuals and employers are also being considered, but it should be noted that these may be temporary.
As support for employers, a program is being considered to provide career advancement subsidies (up to 750,000 yen per employee) to those who increase employee income through longer working hours or wage raises. This is planned for implementation within fiscal 2025.
For workers, a special, temporary transitional measure will be introduced to reduce their insurance premium burden to a government-set ratio for three years, aiming to reduce adjustments in working hours to avoid insurance costs.
2. Revision of the In-Employment Old-Age Pension System
With the increasing number of elderly people working while receiving pensions and to address labor shortages, the government will revise the in-employment old-age pension system.
The in-employment old-age pension system reduces pension payments for elderly workers who earn a certain level of wages. Under the current system, if the combined amount of an elderly worker’s monthly wages (including one-twelfth of annual bonuses) and their Employees’ Pension exceeds 500,000 yen, half of the excess amount is deducted (pension payment is reduced).
Under the proposed revision, the income threshold for pension reduction will be raised from the current 500,000 yen to 620,000 yen. This new threshold is designed with the assumption of individuals who continue working while receiving a pension and earn wages comparable to the average salary of people in their 50s.
This revision is scheduled to take effect from April 2026.
3. Revision of the Survivor’s Pension
The survivor’s pension is a pension received by surviving family members when a person insured under the Employees’ Pension Insurance or the National Pension system passes away. There are two types of survivor’s pensions: the Basic Survivor’s Pension (遺族基礎年金) and the Employees’ Survivor’s Pension (遺族厚生年金), which differ in eligibility requirements and who qualifies as a beneficiary.
The main goal of revising the Employees’ Survivor’s Pension is to eliminate gender disparities. Under the current system, there were differences between men and women regarding the eligibility conditions and benefit periods for spouses without children to receive the Employees’ Survivor’s Pension.
Under the revised system, spouses without children who are under 60 years old (wives or husbands between the ages of 20 and 50 without children under 18) will generally be eligible for a fixed-term benefit for five years. Additionally, men under 55 without children, who were previously excluded, will become newly eligible.
The system will also consider fixed-term beneficiaries by, for example, increasing old-age Employees’ Pension benefits through death-related pension division and introducing a new fixed-term benefit supplement. The income requirement will be removed, allowing recipients to receive benefits regardless of their earnings.
If necessary, there will be mechanisms to continue benefits beyond the five-year period. Those who already have the right to receive benefits, elderly people aged 60 or older, and spouses aged 20 to 50 with children under 18 will maintain their current benefit conditions. These changes will be phased in over 20 years starting from April 2028.
Regarding the Basic Survivor’s Pension, it will be revised so that children can receive benefits regardless of the circumstances of the caregiver.
This means that children eligible for the Basic Survivor’s Pension will be able to receive it without being affected by factors such as the remarriage of the surviving parent, the parent’s income exceeding the threshold, the child being adopted by a direct relative or similar, or the child being taken in by a former spouse after the parent’s death.
4. Raising the Wage Cap Used for Calculating Insurance Premiums and Pension Amounts
In the Employees’ Pension Insurance system, insurance premiums and pension amounts are basically calculated based on wages (remuneration). However, there is an upper limit set on the “standard monthly remuneration” used as the basis for these calculations.
Currently, the upper limit for the standard monthly remuneration is 650,000 yen. For those earning wages above this limit, the effective insurance premium rate relative to their actual wages has been lower.
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare explains the purpose of this revision as: “to ensure contributions are made in accordance with wages and to enhance future pension benefits.”
Specifically, the upper limit of the standard monthly remuneration will be raised in stages. It will increase from the current 650,000 yen to 680,000 yen (starting September 2027), then 710,000 yen (September 2028), and finally 750,000 yen (September 2029).
While insurance premiums for individuals and companies falling under the new upper limits will increase, future pension benefits will also rise accordingly.
5. Revision of the Child Addition
The pension system includes a provision to increase the pension amount for pension recipients who are raising children. Under the current system, pension recipients with children already receive this addition, but the upcoming revision will raise the amount of the child addition.
Currently, based on the fiscal year 2024 annual amounts, the addition is 234,800 yen per year for the first and second child, and 78,300 yen per year for the third child and beyond. After the revision, the addition will be a uniform 281,700 yen per year for each child. This increase will apply also to those who are currently receiving pensions.
In addition, people who currently receive only the old-age basic pension, which did not include a child addition, will also become eligible for this addition. These revisions are scheduled to take effect from April 2028.
II. Other Major Revisions
In addition to the main revisions mentioned above, there are several other changes.
1. Revision of the Private Pension System
Regarding the individual-type defined contribution pension plan (iDeCo), under the current system, only National Pension insured persons who are not yet receiving the old-age basic pension or old-age benefits from iDeCo can join. Due to differences in working styles, there are variations in the upper age limits for joining.
To create a simpler and more understandable system, the eligibility requirements will be expanded. Specifically, the revision plans to allow people aged 60 and over but under 70—who wish to continue using iDeCo for building retirement assets and who are not yet receiving the old-age basic pension or iDeCo old-age benefits—to join or continue contributions to iDeCo.
2. Revision of the Lump-sum Withdrawal Payment System
The Lump-sum Withdrawal Payment system is designed with the specific circumstances of foreigners in mind, who often have short stays in Japan and whose insurance premium payments may not easily lead to receiving old-age pension benefits. The payment is made as a lump sum based on the insured period (with a current maximum payment period of 5 years), and receiving this payment cancels the insured period accrued up to that point.
However, considering the trend of longer stays by foreigners, there is discussion about raising the maximum payment period from the current 5 years to 8 years. Additionally, for foreigners who may spend their old age in Japan, if they leave the country with a re-entry permit, they will not be able to claim the Lump-sum Withdrawal Payment during the validity period of that permit.
3. Allowing Deferment of Old-Age Pension for Survivors’ Employees’ Pension Recipients
Until now, people receiving survivors’ employees’ pension (遺族厚生年金) were not allowed to defer the receipt of their own old-age pension. However, considering the increased employment of elderly people and from the perspective of allowing them the option to increase their pension benefits, it is planned to permit survivors’ employees’ pension recipients to apply for deferment of their old-age pension benefits. This revision is scheduled to be implemented in April 2028.
4. Extension of the National Pension Payment Deferral System
Until June 2030, eligibility for the deferral system has been determined based on the income of the individual and their spouse, regardless of the income of the household head they live with. This system allows for the deferred payments to be made later when the individual is actually able to pay the insurance premiums.
This time, the limited-time measure will be extended for an additional five years, allowing use of the system until June 2035.
5. Expansion of Eligibility for Voluntary Enrollment in the National Pension for Older Adults
For those without entitlement to the old-age basic pension, the system allowing voluntary enrollment in the National Pension after age 65 until the required qualification period is met will be expanded. The eligible birthdate range will be extended to include people born up to April 1, 1975, and the system will be extended accordingly.
6. Extension of the Deadline for Requesting Division of Pension Rights at Divorce
The deadline for requesting division of the Employees’ Pension Insurance records at the time of divorce will be extended from 2 years to 5 years. This change is in line with the extension of the statute of limitations for property division claims under civil law.
Therefore, if you do not intend to stay in Japan long-term, REGISTER TO CLAIM YOUR NENKIN (pension refund) IMMEDIATELY to avoid losing your rights due to a valid re-entry permit.
Contact HSB JAPAN — a trusted Nenkin representative in Japan — now for guidance on the procedures.
Important Notes on Part-Time Jobs in Japan for Foreign Workers
Have you ever considered earning extra income through a part-time job in Japan? Although salaries in Japan are generally stable, you might want additional earnings to cover living expenses or enjoy a more comfortable lifestyle.
In this article, HSB JAPAN will help answer questions about taking on a part-time job while having a full-time position and guide you on how to find a suitable job.
1. Can You Work Part-Time in Japan?
The answer is yes, but it depends on the type of work and the regulations set by both your company and the Immigration Services Agency of Japan. Before taking on a part-time job, consider the following:
Check Your Employment Contract and Company Policies
First, review your employment contract and company regulations (shugyo kisoku/就業規則) to determine whether your employer allows part-time work. If permitted, you may need approval from your manager or HR department. If not, taking on a part-time job could violate your contract and even lead to dismissal.
Most companies do not allow employees to work for competitors, as this can impact trust and result in serious consequences.
Check Your Visa Type
Each visa type has different rules regarding part-time work:
Engineer/Humanities/International Services Visa: You may take on a part-time job if it aligns with your expertise (e.g., programming instruction, specialized writing, translation).
Highly Skilled Professional Visa: Requires a Work Permit for Activities Outside Visa Status from the Immigration Services Agency before engaging in additional work.
2. What Is a Work Permit for Part-Time Jobs?
A Work Permit for Activities Outside Visa Status (shikakugai katsudo kyoka/資格外活動許可) is an official approval from the Immigration Services Agency that allows you to work outside your primary visa’s scope. To qualify, you must meet the following conditions:
The part-time job must not interfere with your full-time job.
Your main employer must approve it.
You must not work in prohibited industries (bars, nightclubs, pachinko parlors).
You must not have a criminal record.
There are two types of permits:
General Work Permit: Allows up to 28 hours per week, commonly issued for students and dependents.
Specific Work Permit: Issued for jobs outside the primary visa’s scope but within professional fields.
Holders of work visas such as Engineer/Humanities/International Services are not allowed to engage in unskilled jobs such as restaurant service or convenience store cashier work.
3. How to Apply for a Work Permit?
If your part-time job requires a permit, you must prepare the necessary documents and submit them to the Immigration Services Agency. The required documents include:
Application form (PDF/Excel)
Employment contract for the part-time job
Residence card and passport
Other relevant documents
The processing time can take two weeks to two months, and you must not start working while waiting for approval.
4. How to Find a Part-Time Job in Japan?
If you decide to seek a part-time job, consider the following approaches:
Use freelance job search apps.
Look through social media and Vietnamese communities in Japan.
Network with local communities and attend events to expand your opportunities.
5. Do You Need to File Taxes for a Part-Time Income Under 200,000 Yen?
If your annual part-time income is below 200,000 yen, you are not required to file income tax. However, if you apply for medical tax deductions or hometown tax deductions, you must report this income.
Additionally, resident tax (juminzei/住民税) must be paid regardless of your part-time income level.
Many people mistakenly believe that income under 200,000 yen does not need to be declared. To avoid financial risks, consult a tax expert or a reliable service provider.
6. Where to Register for a Reliable Tax Refund Service?
At HSB JAPAN, with over 15 years of experience, we provide income tax and resident tax refund services in Japan, ensuring the following benefits:
Maximized Tax Refunds: Helping clients recover the highest possible refund based on current tax regulations.
Fast and Accurate Processing: Our experienced professionals ensure a smooth application process, minimizing errors and reducing waiting time.
Strict Data Confidentiality: We are committed to protecting your personal information in compliance with Japan’s privacy laws.
Direct Deposit to Your Japanese Bank Account: Ensuring a quick and secure transfer of your tax refund.
Contact HSB JAPAN today for a consultation and efficient tax refund processing.